Hodgson David S
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Vet Anaesth Analg. 2006 Jul;33(4):207-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2005.00258.x.
To test a novel inhaler for administering isoflurane (ISO) anesthesia to piglets during castration and other surgical procedures of short duration.
Prospective, randomized study. Animals Fifty-seven male piglets aged 6-10 days, body weight 1.1-3.5 kg.
An inhaler was developed which consisted of a mask, center body with open-close valve, vaporization chamber with wick and injection port, and a rebreathing bag. Liquid ISO required for induction of anesthesia and surgery was calculated, based on a desired alveolar ISO concentration of 1.82%. Dose was calculated using a square root of time model and metabolic size (B.W. 0.75). For practical use the calculated dose was expressed in relation to scale weight (kg). Isoflurane was delivered into the liquid injection port, followed by oxygen to fill the rebreathing bag and initiate vaporization. After the mask was fitted over the piglet's nose, the sliding open-close valve was opened to allow respiratory flow to move gases in and out of the inhaler and rebreathing bag. Fifty-seven male piglets received anesthesia prior to castration. Morbidity and mortality were assessed relative to unanesthetized litter mates. Induction, recovery and total anesthetic times were measured. End-tidal CO2 was measured immediately after mask removal by capnography. Costs of equipment and anesthetic agent were calculated.
Mean induction time was rapid, 47.5 +/-8.7 seconds, generally with minimal or no struggling. Surgery usually lasted less than 30 seconds and was always completed prior to the 120 seconds allotted for induction and surgery. Anesthesia was adequate and recovery time was 122 +/- 44 seconds. Total time from start to standing was 260 +/- 51 seconds. The end-tidal CO2 was 5.2 +/- 1.1 kPa (39.4 +/- 8.4 mmHg). No morbidity or mortality was associated with either group. Inhaler construction costs were below $100, and liquid ISO cost ranged between $0.02 and $0.03 per piglet.
Isoflurane delivered in a novel inhaler has the potential to provide economical, safe, rapid anesthetic induction and safe, smooth recovery in piglets.
测试一种新型吸入器，用于在仔猪去势及其他短时间外科手术过程中给予异氟烷（ISO）麻醉。
前瞻性随机研究。动物57头6 - 10日龄雄性仔猪，体重1.1 - 3.5千克。
研发了一种吸入器，其由面罩、带有开闭阀的中心体、带有灯芯的汽化室和注入口以及一个再呼吸袋组成。根据期望的肺泡ISO浓度1.82%计算麻醉诱导和手术所需的液体ISO量。使用时间平方根模型和代谢体表面积（体重0.75）计算剂量。实际应用中，计算出的剂量以与体重（千克）的关系表示。将异氟烷注入液体注入口，随后充入氧气以充满再呼吸袋并启动汽化。将面罩戴在仔猪鼻子上后，打开滑动开闭阀，使呼吸气流在吸入器和再呼吸袋中进出。57头雄性仔猪在去势前接受麻醉。相对于未麻醉的同窝仔猪评估发病率和死亡率。测量诱导、恢复和总麻醉时间。面罩摘除后立即通过二氧化碳描记法测量呼气末二氧化碳。计算设备和麻醉剂成本。
平均诱导时间较快，为47.5±8.7秒，通常挣扎极少或无挣扎。手术通常持续不到30秒，且总是在分配用于诱导和手术的120秒内完成。麻醉效果良好且恢复时间为122±44秒。从开始到站立的总时间为260±51秒。呼气末二氧化碳为5.2±1.1千帕（39.4±8.4毫米汞柱）。两组均未出现发病率或死亡率。吸入器建造成本低于100美元，每头仔猪的液体ISO成本在0.02美元至0.03美元之间。
新型吸入器输送的异氟烷有潜力为仔猪提供经济、安全、快速的麻醉诱导以及安全、平稳地恢复。
