Walker B, Jäggin N, Doherr M, Schatzmann U
Section of Anaesthesiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med. 2004 Apr;51(3):150-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2004.00617.x.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhalation anaesthesia with isoflurane and isoflurane/N2O by mask induction for routine castration of piglets under 14 days of age.
Eighty-five male piglets aged between 4 and 12 days were used in a matched pair test. Two piglets of the same litter with the same weight were selected. One was castrated with, the other without anaesthesia. Induction was performed with either isoflurane (group ISO) or isoflurane/nitrous oxide (group ISO/N2O) in oxygen through a modified bain-breathing system. Induction time was 90 and 60 s for group ISO and group ISO/N2O, respectively. The disappearance of the palpebral reflex was recorded. The reaction of the piglets during castration was judged according to a scoring system separately for both testicles during skin incision and dissection of the spermatic cord. The scores were added and mean values were calculated. Total anaesthesia time, castration time and quality of recovery was recorded. Blood was collected from all piglets immediately after castration for measurement of ACTH and beta-endorphin values. Statistical analysis were performed by the Kruskal-Wallis test for nonparametric data and one-way anova (NCSS 2000, Kaysville, UT, USA).
Induction of anaesthesia proved to be smooth in all cases. The palpebral reflex disappeared after 36.5 s in group ISO/N2O versus 51 s in group ISO. Mean castration scores were 0.6 in group ISO and 0 in group ISO/N2O, whereas 7.7 in piglets with no anaesthesia. These scores were significantly different. Mean anaesthesia time was 128 s (30-390) for group ISO and 123 s (70-220) for group ISO/N2O. No deaths occurred. The differences in the levels of ACTH and beta-endorphins in the blood plasma in the different groups showed no statistical difference.
This study demonstrates that isoflurane or isoflurane/N2O anaesthesia by mask induction proves to be a safe, short and reliable method in piglets undergoing castration. Reaction to the castration procedure were significantly reduced. Stress hormone values were not different between the groups because of a large individual difference.
本研究的目的是评估使用异氟烷以及异氟烷/N₂O通过面罩诱导对14日龄以下仔猪进行常规去势手术时的吸入麻醉效果。
85只4至12日龄的雄性仔猪用于配对试验。选取同一窝中体重相同的两只仔猪。一只进行去势手术时使用麻醉，另一只不使用麻醉。通过改良的贝恩呼吸回路，在氧气中使用异氟烷（ISO组）或异氟烷/一氧化二氮（ISO/N₂O组）进行诱导。ISO组和ISO/N₂O组的诱导时间分别为90秒和60秒。记录眼睑反射消失的时间。根据评分系统分别对两只睾丸在皮肤切口和精索分离过程中的反应进行评判。将分数相加并计算平均值。记录总麻醉时间、去势时间和恢复质量。去势后立即从所有仔猪采集血液以测量促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）和β-内啡肽值。对于非参数数据，采用Kruskal-Wallis检验进行统计分析；对于参数数据，采用单向方差分析（使用美国犹他州凯斯维尔的NCSS 2000软件）。
所有病例的麻醉诱导均顺利。ISO/N₂O组在36.5秒后眼睑反射消失，而ISO组为51秒。ISO组的平均去势评分为0.6，ISO/N₂O组为0，未麻醉仔猪为7.7。这些分数有显著差异。ISO组的平均麻醉时间为128秒（30 - 390秒），ISO/N₂O组为123秒（70 - 220秒）。未发生死亡情况。不同组血浆中ACTH和β-内啡肽水平的差异无统计学意义。
本研究表明，通过面罩诱导使用异氟烷或异氟烷/N₂O麻醉对于接受去势手术的仔猪而言是一种安全、短暂且可靠的方法。对去势手术的反应显著降低。由于个体差异较大，各组间应激激素值无差异。
