Ma Kan, Forbes Jeffrey G, Gutierrez-Cruz Gustavo, Wang Kuan
Muscle Proteomics and Nanotechnology Section, Laboratory of Muscle Biology, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
J Biol Chem. 2006 Sep 15;281(37):27539-56. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M604525200. Epub 2006 Jun 8.
The richness of proline sequences in titins qualifies these giant proteins as the largest source of intrinsically disordered structures in nature. An extensive search and analysis for Src homology domain 3 (SH3) ligand motifs revealed a myriad of broadly distributed SH3 ligand motifs, with the highest density in the PEVK segments of human titin. Besides the canonical class I and II motifs with opposite orientations, novel overlapping motifs consisting of one or more of each canonical motif are abundant. Experimentally, the binding affinity and critical residues of these putative titin-based SH3 ligands toward nebulin SH3 and other SH3-containing proteins in muscle and non-muscle cell extracts were validated with peptide array technology and by the sarcomere distribution of SH3-containing proteins. A 28-mer overlapping motif-containing PEVK module binds to nebulin SH3 in and around the canonical cleft, especially to the acidic residues in the loops, as revealed by NMR titration. Molecular dynamics and molecular docking studies indicated that the overlapping motif can bind in opposite orientations with comparable energy and contact areas and predicts correctly orientation-specific contacts in NMR data. We propose that the overlap ligand motifs are a new class of ligands with innate ability to dictate SH3 domain orientation and to facilitate the rate, strength, and stereospecificity of receptor interactions. Proline-rich sequences of titins are candidates as major hubs of SH3-dependent signaling pathways. The interplay of elasticity and dense clustering of mixed receptor orientations in titin PEVK segment have important implications for the mechanical sensing, force sensitivity, and inter-adapter interactions in signaling pathways.
肌联蛋白中脯氨酸序列的丰富性使这些巨大的蛋白质成为自然界中最大的内在无序结构来源。对Src同源结构域3(SH3)配体基序进行广泛搜索和分析后发现,存在大量广泛分布的SH3配体基序,在人类肌联蛋白的PEVK区段中密度最高。除了具有相反方向的典型I类和II类基序外,由每个典型基序中的一个或多个组成的新型重叠基序也很丰富。通过肽阵列技术以及含SH3蛋白的肌节分布,实验验证了这些基于肌联蛋白的假定SH3配体对肌动蛋白结合蛋白SH3以及肌肉和非肌肉细胞提取物中其他含SH3蛋白的结合亲和力和关键残基。NMR滴定显示,一个含28聚体重叠基序的PEVK模块在典型裂隙内及周围与肌动蛋白结合蛋白SH3结合,尤其与环中的酸性残基结合。分子动力学和分子对接研究表明,重叠基序可以以相当的能量和接触面积以相反的方向结合,并能正确预测NMR数据中的方向特异性接触。我们提出,重叠配体基序是一类新的配体,具有决定SH3结构域方向以及促进受体相互作用的速率、强度和立体特异性的内在能力。肌联蛋白富含脯氨酸的序列可能是SH3依赖性信号通路的主要枢纽。肌联蛋白PEVK区段中弹性与混合受体方向的密集聚集之间的相互作用,对信号通路中的机械传感、力敏感性和衔接子间相互作用具有重要意义。