Kovacs L, Zimmermann A, Brockmann G, Baurecht H, Schwenzer-Zimmerer K, Papadopulos N A, Papadopoulos M A, Sader R, Biemer E, Zeilhofer H F
Department for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany.
IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2006 Jun;25(6):742-54. doi: 10.1109/tmi.2006.873624.
Three-dimensional (3-D) recording of the surface of the human body or anatomical areas has gained importance in many medical specialties. Thus, it is important to determine scanner precision and accuracy in defined medical applications and to establish standards for the recording procedure. Here we evaluated the precision and accuracy of 3-D assessment of the facial area with the Minolta Vivid 910 3D Laser Scanner. We also investigated the influence of factors related to the recording procedure and the processing of scanner data on final results. These factors include lighting, alignment of scanner and object, the examiner, and the software used to convert measurements into virtual images. To assess scanner accuracy, we compared scanner data to those obtained by manual measurements on a dummy. Less than 7% of all results with the scanner method were outside a range of error of 2 mm when compared to corresponding reference measurements. Accuracy, thus, proved to be good enough to satisfy requirements for numerous clinical applications. Moreover, the experiments completed with the dummy yielded valuable information for optimizing recording parameters for best results. Thus, under defined conditions, precision and accuracy of surface models of the human face recorded with the Minolta Vivid 910 3D Scanner presumably can also be enhanced. Future studies will involve verification of our findings using test persons. The current findings indicate that the Minolta Vivid 910 3D Scanner might be used with benefit in medicine when recording the 3-D surface structures of the face.
人体表面或解剖区域的三维（3-D）记录在许多医学专业中变得越来越重要。因此，确定扫描仪在特定医学应用中的精度和准确性，并建立记录程序的标准非常重要。在这里，我们使用Minolta Vivid 910三维激光扫描仪评估了面部区域三维评估的精度和准确性。我们还研究了与记录程序和扫描仪数据处理相关的因素对最终结果的影响。这些因素包括照明、扫描仪与物体的对齐、检查者以及用于将测量值转换为虚拟图像的软件。为了评估扫描仪的准确性，我们将扫描仪数据与在假人上进行手动测量获得的数据进行了比较。与相应的参考测量相比，扫描仪方法的所有结果中不到7%超出了2毫米的误差范围。因此，事实证明准确性足以满足众多临床应用的要求。此外，用假人完成的实验为优化记录参数以获得最佳结果提供了有价值的信息。因此，在特定条件下，使用Minolta Vivid 910三维扫描仪记录的人脸表面模型的精度和准确性也可能得到提高。未来的研究将涉及使用测试对象验证我们的发现。目前的研究结果表明，在记录面部的三维表面结构时，Minolta Vivid 910三维扫描仪可能在医学上有有益的应用。
