Sanchez Jose L, Todd Catherine S, Bautista Christian T, Botros Boulos A E, Khakimov Mumtoz M, Giyasova Guzal M, Yakubov Shavkat K, Abdulaeva Mukhabat A, Saad Maghdi D, Graham Ross R, Carr Jean K, Earhart Kenneth C
The Anteon Corporation, 321 Ballenger Center Drive, Suite 200, Frederick, MD 21703, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006 Apr;82 Suppl 1:S15-22. doi: 10.1016/s0376-8716(06)80003-7.
To determine HIV prevalence and potential associations with sociodemographic and behavioral factors among injection drug users (IDUs) in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Subjects in this cross-sectional study provided sociodemographic and risk behavior data and were tested for HIV antibody with a saliva-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), followed by saliva-based Western blot confirmation.
Among the 701 IDU subjects enrolled, 209 (29.8%) were diagnosed with HIV infection, HIV infection was more likely among those unemployed (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.47); whose first drug of abuse was heroin (AOR=2.21) or opium poppy extract (AOR=1.61); with a prior history of hepatitis (AOR=1.39); and those who reported never using condoms (AOR=1.65). Independent risk factors associated with HIV infection were heroin as the first illicit drug of abuse, prior hepatitis, lack of condom use, and unemployment.
Heroin use, sexual transmission, and high unemployment seem to play important roles in HIV transmission. Implementation of effective harm reduction strategies is critical to control the expansion of the HIV epidemic in this country as well as in this region.
确定乌兹别克斯坦塔什干注射吸毒者（IDU）中艾滋病毒的流行情况以及与社会人口学和行为因素之间的潜在关联。
在这项横断面研究中，研究对象提供了社会人口学和风险行为数据，并采用基于唾液的酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测艾滋病毒抗体，随后进行基于唾液的免疫印迹确认。
在纳入的701名注射吸毒者中，209人（29.8%）被诊断为艾滋病毒感染。艾滋病毒感染在失业者中更为常见（调整后的优势比[AOR]=1.47）；首次滥用毒品为海洛因者（AOR=2.21）或罂粟提取物者（AOR=1.61）；有肝炎病史者（AOR=1.39）；以及报告从未使用过避孕套者（AOR=1.65）。与艾滋病毒感染相关的独立危险因素为首次滥用非法药物为海洛因、既往肝炎、未使用避孕套和失业。
海洛因使用、性传播和高失业率似乎在艾滋病毒传播中发挥着重要作用。实施有效的减少伤害策略对于控制该国以及该地区艾滋病毒疫情的蔓延至关重要。
