中亚和高加索地区 HIV、HCV 和 HBV 的流行情况：系统评价。
Prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBV in Central Asia and the Caucasus: A systematic review.
机构信息
Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
出版信息
Int J Infect Dis. 2021 Mar;104:510-525. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.068. Epub 2020 Dec 29.
BACKGROUND
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are substantial public health threats in the region of Central Asia and the Caucasus, where the prevalence of these infections is currently rising.
METHODS
A systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO was conducted with no publication date or language restrictions through October 2019. Additional data were also harvested from national surveillance reports, references found in discovered sources, and other "grey" literature. It included studies conducted on high-risk populations (people who inject drugs (PWID), female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), prisoners, and migrants) in Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan; and the Caucasus: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Northern Caucasus region of the Russian Federation.
RESULTS
Wide ranges were noted for HIV prevalence: PWID 0-30.1%, MSM 0-25.1%, prisoners 0-22.8%, FSW 0-10.0%, and migrants 0.06-1.5%, with the highest prevalence of these high-risk groups reported in Kazakhstan (for PWID), Georgia (for MSM and prisoners) and Uzbekistan (for migrants). HCV prevalence also had a wide range: PWID 0.3-92.1%, MSM 0-18.9%, prisoners 23.8-49.7%, FSW 3.3-17.8%, and migrants 0.5-26.5%, with the highest prevalence reported in Georgia (92.1%), Kyrgyzstan (49.7%), and migrants from Tajikistan and Uzbekistan (26.5%). Similarly, HBV prevalence had a wide range: PWID 2.8-79.7%, MSM 0-22.2%, prisoners 2.7-6.2%, FSW 18.4% (one study), and migrants 0.3-15.7%.
CONCLUSION
In Central Asia and the Caucasus, prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBV remains exceedingly high among selected populations, notably PWID and MSM.
背景
在中亚和高加索地区，人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）和乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）是严重的公共卫生威胁，这些感染的流行率目前正在上升。
方法
对 MEDLINE、Embase 和 PsycINFO 进行了系统的文献检索，检索日期截至 2019 年 10 月，无语言限制。还从国家监测报告、已发现来源的参考文献以及其他“灰色”文献中收集了额外的数据。研究对象包括中亚地区（哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、土库曼斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦）和高加索地区（亚美尼亚、阿塞拜疆、格鲁吉亚以及俄罗斯联邦北高加索地区）的高危人群（注射吸毒者、性工作者、男男性行为者、囚犯和移民）：HIV 流行率的范围很广：注射吸毒者为 0-30.1%，男男性行为者为 0-25.1%，囚犯为 0-22.8%，性工作者为 0-10.0%，移民为 0.06-1.5%，这些高危人群中 HIV 流行率最高的是哈萨克斯坦（注射吸毒者）、格鲁吉亚（男男性行为者和囚犯）和乌兹别克斯坦（移民）。HCV 流行率的范围也很广：注射吸毒者为 0.3-92.1%，男男性行为者为 0-18.9%，囚犯为 23.8-49.7%，性工作者为 3.3-17.8%，移民为 0.5-26.5%，流行率最高的是格鲁吉亚（92.1%）、吉尔吉斯斯坦（49.7%）和来自塔吉克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦的移民（26.5%）。同样，HBV 流行率的范围也很广：注射吸毒者为 2.8-79.7%，男男性行为者为 0-22.2%，囚犯为 2.7-6.2%，性工作者为 18.4%（一项研究），移民为 0.3-15.7%。
结论
在中亚和高加索地区，高危人群（特别是注射吸毒者和男男性行为者）中 HIV、HCV 和 HBV 的流行率仍然非常高。
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