Stachowiak Julie A, Tishkova Farida K, Strathdee Steffanie A, Stibich Mark A, Latypov Alisher, Mogilnii Vladimir, Beyrer Chris
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006 Apr;82 Suppl 1:S7-14. doi: 10.1016/s0376-8716(06)80002-5.
To examine differences by ethnicity of HIV prevalence and correlates among injection drug users (IDUs) in Dushanbe, Tajikistan.
The researchers enrolled 489 active adult IDUs in a cross-sectional risk factor study of HIV infection. Participants were provided HIV pre-and posttest counseling and risk reduction counseling and answered an interviewer-administered questionnaire. HIV-1 status was determined with rapid tests and confirmed with ELISA.
Participants included four ethnicities: 204 Tajiks (49.1%), 145 Russians (29.7%), 58 Uzbeks (11.9%), and 46 participants of other nationalities (9.4%). Overall prevalence of HIV-1 infection was 12% and varied significantly by ethnicity: it was highest among ethnic Tajiks, at 19.2%; lowest among Russians and Uzbeks, at 3.4%; and 13% among other nationalities. Ethnic groups differed significantly in years injecting, receiving a needle from a needle exchange program (NEP), injecting in groups, having undergone drug treatment, reported condom use, and arrest history. Among Tajiks, HIV infection was significantly associated with daily injecting (OR 2.16); reporting that narcotics were very easy to obtain (OR 2.46); having undergone drug treatment (OR 2.75), and injecting "alone" (OR 3.12).
Ethnic differences were strongly associated with HIV prevalence and risk behaviors in this multiethnic study, and prevention efforts might need to be targeted by ethnicity.
研究塔吉克斯坦杜尚别注射吸毒者（IDU）中按种族划分的艾滋病毒流行率差异及其相关因素。
研究人员招募了489名成年活跃IDU参与一项艾滋病毒感染横断面风险因素研究。为参与者提供了艾滋病毒检测前后的咨询以及降低风险咨询，并让他们回答一份由访谈员管理的问卷。通过快速检测确定艾滋病毒-1感染状况，并通过酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）进行确认。
参与者包括四个种族：204名塔吉克人（49.1%）、145名俄罗斯人（29.7%）、58名乌兹别克人（11.9%）以及46名其他民族参与者（9.4%）。艾滋病毒-1感染的总体流行率为12%，且因种族不同而有显著差异：在塔吉克族中最高，为19.2%；在俄罗斯族和乌兹别克族中最低，为3.4%；在其他民族中为13%。不同种族在注射年限、从针头交换项目（NEP）获取针头、群体注射、接受过戒毒治疗、报告使用避孕套以及被捕史方面存在显著差异。在塔吉克族中，艾滋病毒感染与每日注射（比值比[OR] 2.16）、报告毒品很容易获取（OR 2.46）、接受过戒毒治疗（OR 2.75）以及“独自”注射（OR 3.12）显著相关。
在这项多民族研究中，种族差异与艾滋病毒流行率和风险行为密切相关，预防工作可能需要按种族进行针对性开展。
