Charman W Neil
Optometry and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Optom Vis Sci. 2006 Jun;83(6):335-45. doi: 10.1097/01.opx.0000221389.36278.d0.
The history of measurements of ocular aberration is briefly reviewed and recent work using much-improved aberrometers and large samples of eyes is summarized. When on-axis, higher-order, monochromatic aberrations are averaged, undercorrected, positive, fourth-order spherical aberration dominates; other Zernike wavefront aberration coefficients have average values near zero. Individually, however, many eyes show substantial amounts of third-order and other fourth-order aberrations; the value of these varies idiosyncratically about zero. Most normal eyes show only small amounts of axial monochromatic aberration for photopic pupils up to around 3 mm; the limits to retinal image quality are then usually set by diffraction, uncorrected or imperfectly corrected spherocylindrical refractive error, accommodation error, and chromatic aberration. Longitudinal chromatic aberration varies very little across the population. With larger mesopic and scotopic pupils, monochromatic aberration plays a more important optical role, but overall visual performance is increasingly dominated by neural factors. Some remaining problems in measuring and modeling the eye's optical performance are discussed.
本文简要回顾了眼像差测量的历史，并总结了近期使用大幅改进的像差仪和大量眼睛样本所开展的工作。当测量轴上高阶单色像差的平均值时，欠矫正的正性四阶球差占主导地位；其他泽尼克波前像差系数的平均值接近零。然而，就个体而言，许多眼睛表现出大量的三阶和其他四阶像差；这些像差的值围绕零呈特异变化。对于直径达3mm左右的明视瞳孔，大多数正常眼睛仅表现出少量的轴向单色像差；此时视网膜图像质量的限制通常由衍射、未矫正或矫正不完善的球柱面屈光不正、调节误差和色差决定。纵向色差在人群中的变化非常小。对于较大的中间视觉和暗视觉瞳孔，单色像差起着更重要的光学作用，但总体视觉性能越来越受神经因素主导。本文还讨论了在测量和模拟眼睛光学性能方面仍然存在的一些问题。
