Cusumano Ana, Garcia Guillermo Garcia, Di Gioia Cristina, Hermida Osvaldo, Lavorato Carlos
Latin American Society of Nephrology and Hypertension, Guemes 3848, 2do A; CP 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Ethn Dis. 2006 Spring;16(2 Suppl 2):S2-10-3.
The Latin American Dialysis and Transplantation Registry (RLDT) includes 20 national affiliates. Data are provided annually by delegates designated by the national affiliate or by the Registry's Coordinating Committee.
Prevalence of persons on renal replacement therapy (RRT) has increased from 192 patients per million population (pmp) in 1992 to 424 pmp in 2003, a 10% annual increment. Fifty-six percent were on hemodialysis, 23% on peritoneal dialysis, and 21% had a functioning graft. The highest prevalence was observed in Puerto Rico, and the lowest in Ecuador. Hemodialysis was the preferred treatment modality, except in El Salvador, Mexico, and Guatemala. Incidence rates varied widely; they were high in Puerto Rico (336 pmp) and Mexico (275 pmp) and low in Costa Rica (24 pmp) and Ecuador (14 pmp). Diabetes was the main reported cause of endstage renal disease (ESRD); it caused from 21% (Uruguay) to 65% (Puerto Rico) of cases. Forty percent of incident patients were > 65 years old. Access to RRT is universal in Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, and Venezuela but restricted in countries like Mexico and Paraguay. Main causes of death on dialysis were cardiovascular (44%) and infection (26%). Transplantation rates increased from 3.7 pmp in 1987 to 13.7 pmp in 2003, mostly from living donors (55%). The number of transplants reached 69,181 grafts.
Prevalence of RRT has increased over the years; diabetes has become the main cause of ESRD, and cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death on dialysis. Transplantation rates, although increasing, have not matched the growing population on dialysis. Programs to promote renal health in the region are urgently needed.
拉丁美洲透析与移植登记处（RLDT）包括20个国家附属机构。数据每年由国家附属机构指定的代表或登记处协调委员会提供。
接受肾脏替代治疗（RRT）的患者患病率已从1992年的每百万人口192例增加到2003年的每百万人口424例，年增长率为10%。56%的患者接受血液透析，23%接受腹膜透析，21%有功能正常的移植肾。患病率最高的是波多黎各，最低的是厄瓜多尔。血液透析是首选的治疗方式，萨尔瓦多、墨西哥和危地马拉除外。发病率差异很大；波多黎各（每百万人口336例）和墨西哥（每百万人口275例）发病率高，哥斯达黎加（每百万人口24例）和厄瓜多尔（每百万人口14例）发病率低。糖尿病是报告的终末期肾病（ESRD）的主要原因；其导致的病例占21%（乌拉圭）至65%（波多黎各）。40%的新发病例年龄超过65岁。在阿根廷、巴西、古巴、波多黎各、乌拉圭和委内瑞拉，RRT的可及性是普遍的，但在墨西哥和巴拉圭等国家受到限制。透析患者的主要死亡原因是心血管疾病（44%）和感染（26%）。移植率从1987年的每百万人口3.7例增加到2003年的每百万人口13.7例，大多数来自活体供体（55%）。移植数量达到69181例。
多年来RRT患病率有所增加；糖尿病已成为ESRD的主要原因，心血管疾病是透析患者的主要死亡原因。移植率虽然在上升，但仍未跟上透析患者人数的增长。该地区迫切需要促进肾脏健康的项目。
