Weinhouse Gerald L, Schwab Richard J
The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Sleep. 2006 May;29(5):707-16. doi: 10.1093/sleep/29.5.707.
Critically ill patients are known to suffer from severely fragmented sleep with a predominance of stage I sleep and a paucity of slow wave and REM sleep. The causes of this sleep disruption include the intensive care unit (ICU) environment, medical illness, psychological stress, and many of the medications and other treatments used to help those who are critically ill. The clinical importance of this type of sleep disruption in critically ill patients, however, is not known. This article reviews the literature on sleep disruption in the ICU, the effects of sepsis on sleep, the effects of commonly used ICU medications on sleep, the relationship between sleep and sedation, and the literature on the biological and psychological consequences of sleep deprivation specifically as it relates to the critically ill. Finally, an integrative approach to improving sleep in the ICU is described.
众所周知，重症患者的睡眠严重碎片化，以I期睡眠为主，慢波睡眠和快速眼动睡眠较少。这种睡眠中断的原因包括重症监护病房（ICU）环境、疾病、心理压力以及用于帮助重症患者的许多药物和其他治疗方法。然而，这种类型的睡眠中断对重症患者的临床重要性尚不清楚。本文综述了有关ICU睡眠中断、脓毒症对睡眠的影响、ICU常用药物对睡眠的影响、睡眠与镇静之间的关系以及睡眠剥夺的生物学和心理后果（特别是与重症患者相关的后果）的文献。最后，描述了一种改善ICU睡眠的综合方法。
