Aguayo A J, Rasminsky M, Bray G M, Carbonetto S, McKerracher L, Villegas-Pérez M P, Vidal-Sanz M, Carter D A
Centre for Research in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1991 Mar 29;331(1261):337-43. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1991.0025.
In adult mammals, the severing of the optic nerve near the eye is followed by a loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and a failure of axons to regrow into the brain. Experimental manipulations of the non-neuronal environment of injured RGCs enhance neuronal survival and make possible a lengthy axonal regeneration that restores functional connections with the superior colliculus. These effects suggest that injured nerve cells in the mature central nervous system (CNS) are strongly influenced by interactions with components of their immediate environment as well as their targets. Under these conditions, injured CNS neurons can express capacities for growth and differentiation that resemble those of normally developing neurons. An understanding of this regeneration in the context of the cellular and molecular events that influence the interactions of axonal growth cones with their non-neuronal substrates and neuronal targets should help in the further elucidation of the capacities of neuronal systems to recover from injury.
在成年哺乳动物中，靠近眼睛处切断视神经后，视网膜神经节细胞（RGCs）会丧失，轴突也无法再生长进入大脑。对受损RGCs的非神经元环境进行实验性操作可提高神经元存活率，并使轴突能够进行长时间的再生，从而恢复与上丘的功能连接。这些效应表明，成熟中枢神经系统（CNS）中受损的神经细胞会受到与其直接环境成分以及靶点之间相互作用的强烈影响。在这些条件下，受损的CNS神经元能够表达出与正常发育神经元相似的生长和分化能力。在细胞和分子水平上理解影响轴突生长锥与其非神经元基质和神经元靶点相互作用的事件，有助于进一步阐明神经元系统从损伤中恢复的能力。
