Kennedy Matthew J, Ehlers Michael D
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2006;29:325-62. doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.112808.
Neurons are among the largest and most complex cells in the body. Their immense size and intricate geometry pose many unique cell-biological problems. How is dendritic architecture established and maintained? How do neurons traffic newly synthesized integral membrane proteins over such long distances to synapses? Functionally, protein trafficking to and from the postsynaptic membrane has emerged as a key mechanism underlying various forms of synaptic plasticity. Which organelles are involved in postsynaptic trafficking, and how do they integrate and respond to activity at individual synapses? Here we review what is currently known about long-range trafficking of newly synthesized postsynaptic proteins as well as the local rules that govern postsynaptic trafficking at individual synapses.
神经元是人体中最大且最复杂的细胞之一。它们巨大的尺寸和复杂的几何形状带来了许多独特的细胞生物学问题。树突结构是如何建立和维持的？神经元如何将新合成的整合膜蛋白运输到如此远的突触处？从功能上讲，蛋白质在突触后膜的运输和逆向运输已成为各种形式突触可塑性的关键机制。哪些细胞器参与突触后运输，它们如何整合并响应单个突触处的活动？在这里，我们综述了目前关于新合成的突触后蛋白的长距离运输以及在单个突触处控制突触后运输的局部规则的已知信息。
