Miller Ted, Snowden Cecelia, Birckmayer Johanna, Hendrie Delia
Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, MD 20705, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 2006 Nov;38(6):1162-7. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2006.05.003. Epub 2006 Jun 19.
To explore associations of state retail alcohol monopolies with underage drinking and alcohol-impaired driving deaths.
Surveys on youth who drank alcohol and binge-drank recently and their beverage choices; census of motor vehicle fatalities by driver blood alcohol level.
Regressions estimated associations of monopolies with under-21 drinking, binge drinking, alcohol-impaired driving deaths, and odds a driver under 21 who died was alcohol-positive.
About 93.8% of those ages 12-20 who consumed alcohol in the past month drank some wine or spirits. In states with a retail monopoly over spirits or wine and spirits, an average of 14.5% fewer high school students reported drinking alcohol in the past 30 days and 16.7% fewer reported binge drinking in the past 30 days than high school students in non-monopoly states. Monopolies over both wine and spirits were associated with larger consumption reductions than monopolies over spirits only. Lower consumption rates in monopoly states, in turn, were associated with a 9.3% lower alcohol-impaired driving death rate under age 21 in monopoly states versus non-monopoly states. Alcohol monopolies may prevent 45 impaired driving deaths annually.
Continuing existing retail alcohol monopolies should help control underage drinking and associated harms.
探讨州级酒类零售专卖制度与未成年人饮酒及酒精影响下的驾驶死亡之间的关联。
对近期饮酒及狂饮的青少年及其饮料选择的调查；按驾驶员血液酒精含量统计的机动车死亡人数普查。
通过回归分析估计专卖制度与21岁以下饮酒、狂饮、酒精影响下的驾驶死亡以及21岁以下死亡驾驶员酒精检测呈阳性的几率之间的关联。
在过去一个月内饮酒的12至20岁人群中，约93.8%饮用了一些葡萄酒或烈性酒。在对烈性酒或葡萄酒及烈性酒实行零售专卖的州，过去30天内报告饮酒的高中生平均比非专卖州的高中生少14.5%，过去30天内报告狂饮的高中生少16.7%。对葡萄酒和烈性酒都实行专卖的州比仅对烈性酒实行专卖的州，饮酒量减少幅度更大。专卖州较低的饮酒率反过来与专卖州21岁以下因酒精影响下的驾驶死亡率比非专卖州低9.3%有关。酒类专卖制度每年可能预防45起因酒精影响下的驾驶导致的死亡。
维持现有的酒类零售专卖制度应有助于控制未成年人饮酒及相关危害。
