Unikel-Santoncini Claudia, Bojórquez-Chapela Ietza, Villatoro-Velázquez Jorge, Fleiz-Bautista Clara, Medina-Mora Icaza María Elena
Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", DF México.
Rev Invest Clin. 2006 Jan-Feb;58(1):15-27.
The main purpose of this study was to identify the trends of risky eating behaviors among student population in Mexico City in the period 1997-2003 and its relationship with sex age and family head educational level.
Data from the 1997 (N = 9,755), 2000 (N = 3,286) and 2003 (N = 3,062) Drug and Alcohol Prevalence in Student Population of Mexico City Survey's were analyzed. These are representative data of students of junior high, high school and technical schools in Mexico City, with a mean age of 14.5 years (SD = 1.9). Eating behaviors were assessed with a brief questionnaire developed following DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Risky eating behaviors and the number of risk indicators were compared by sex, age and family head educational level.
The results showed an overall increase in the percentage of males (from 1.3% in 1997 to 3.8% in 2003), and females (3.4% in 1997 to 9.6% in 2003) who showed 3 or more risky eating behaviors. The analysis by age groups showed an increase in all but 16-17 year old males, and in all females, being 12-13 year old males and 18-19 year old females the most affected. Regarding the type of risk indicators in both sexes and across all age groups, an increase in preoccupation towards gaining weight and the use of purging and restrictive methods to loose weight was observed. Body weight overestimation decreased in males, while in females showed an increase along with binges in the 2000 survey but showed a decrease after that (2003 survey). The relationship between the family head educational level and risky eating behaviors did not show a regular pattern among males, while a positive relationship between both variables was found among females.
A first overall view of the situation of risky eating behaviors among adolescent students in Mexico City and the changes observed in the period studied. An increase of these behaviors was observed along the period of study, being younger males and older females the most affected, as well as women whose family head showed higher educational level.
本研究的主要目的是确定1997 - 2003年期间墨西哥城学生群体中危险饮食行为的趋势及其与性别、年龄和家庭户主教育水平的关系。
对1997年（N = 9755）、2000年（N = 3286）和2003年（N = 3062）墨西哥城学生群体药物和酒精流行情况调查的数据进行分析。这些是墨西哥城初中、高中和技术学校学生的代表性数据，平均年龄为14.5岁（标准差 = 1.9）。采用依据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版诊断标准编制的简短问卷对饮食行为进行评估。按性别、年龄和家庭户主教育水平比较危险饮食行为及风险指标数量。
结果显示，表现出3种或更多危险饮食行为的男性比例总体上升（从1997年的1.3%升至2003年的3.8%），女性比例也上升（从1997年的3.4%升至2003年的9.6%）。按年龄组分析显示，除16 - 17岁男性外，其他年龄组均有上升，12 - 13岁男性和18 - 19岁女性受影响最大。关于所有年龄组男女的风险指标类型，对体重增加的过度关注以及使用催吐和限制饮食方法减肥的情况有所增加。男性对体重的高估有所下降，而女性在2000年调查中随着暴饮暴食有所增加，但之后（2003年调查）有所下降。家庭户主教育水平与危险饮食行为之间的关系在男性中未呈现规律模式，而在女性中发现这两个变量之间存在正相关。
对墨西哥城青少年学生中危险饮食行为状况及研究期间观察到的变化有了初步总体认识。在研究期间这些行为有所增加，年龄较小的男性和年龄较大的女性受影响最大，家庭户主教育水平较高的女性也是如此。
