Sellers Eric W, Kübler Andrea, Donchin Emanuel
Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2006 Jun;14(2):221-4. doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2006.875580.
We describe current efforts to implement and improve P300-BCI communication tools. The P300 Speller first described by Farwell and Donchin (in 1988) adapted the so-called oddball paradigm (OP) as the operating principle of the brain-computer interface (BCI) and was the first P300-BCI. The system operated by briefly intensifying each row and column of a matrix and the attended row and column elicited a P300 response. This paradigm has been the benchmark in P300-BCI systems, and in the past few years the P300 Speller paradigm has been solidified as a promising communication tool. While promising, we have found that some people who have amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) would be better suited with a system that has a limited number of choices, particularly if the 6 x 6 matrix is difficult to use. Therefore, we used the OP to implement a four-choice system using the commands: Yes, No, Pass, and End; we also used three presentation modes: auditory, visual, and auditory and visual. We summarize results from both paradigms and also discuss obstacles we have identified while working with the ALS population outside of the laboratory environment.
我们描述了当前为实施和改进P300脑机接口通信工具所做的努力。1988年，法韦尔和唐钦首次描述的P300拼写器采用了所谓的Oddball范式（OP）作为脑机接口（BCI）的工作原理，是首个P300脑机接口。该系统通过短暂增强矩阵的每一行和每一列来运行，被关注的行和列会引发P300反应。这种范式一直是P300脑机接口系统的基准，在过去几年中，P300拼写器范式已成为一种有前景的通信工具。虽然很有前景，但我们发现，一些肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）患者更适合选择数量有限的系统，特别是如果6×6矩阵难以使用的话。因此，我们使用OP来实现一个四选项系统，其命令为：是、否、跳过和结束；我们还使用了三种呈现模式：听觉、视觉以及听觉和视觉。我们总结了这两种范式的结果，并讨论了在实验室环境之外与ALS患者群体合作时发现的障碍。
