McCullough Marjorie L, Chevaux Kati, Jackson Lilian, Preston Mack, Martinez Gregorio, Schmitz Harold H, Coletti Caroline, Campos Hannia, Hollenberg Norman K
Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30309-4251, USA.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006;47 Suppl 2:S103-9; discussion 119-21. doi: 10.1097/00005344-200606001-00003.
A low sodium diet has often been implicated in the protection of low blood pressure populations from hypertension, but several other dietary factors, including those as yet unidentified, may also be involved. The Kuna Indians of Panama are free of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, but this is changing with migration to urban areas. We compared the indigenous diet of Kuna Indians living on remote islands in Panama (Ailigandi), whose lifestyle is largely hunter-gatherer, with those who have moved to a suburb of Panama City (Vera Cruz). Between April and October 1999, members of a Kuna research team administered a 118-item food frequency questionnaire to133 adult Kuna from Ailigandi and 183 from Vera Cruz. Single 24-hour urine collections and nonfasting blood samples were obtained. The Kuna in Ailigandi reported consuming a 10-fold higher amount of cocoa-containing beverages, 4 times the amount of fish, and twice the amount of fruit as urban Kuna (P<0.05 by t test). Salt added was ample among those living in Ailigandi and Vera Cruz according to both self-report (7.1+/-1.1 and 4.6+/-0.3 tsp weekly) and urinary sodium levels (177+/-9 and 160+/-7 mEq Na/g creatinine), respectively. The low blood pressure of island-dwelling Kuna does not seem to be related to a low salt diet. Among dietary factors that varied among migrating Kuna, the notably higher intake of flavanol-rich cocoa is a potential candidate for further study.
低钠饮食常常被认为可以保护低血压人群预防高血压，但其他一些饮食因素，包括尚未明确的因素，可能也与之有关。巴拿马的库纳印第安人没有高血压和心血管疾病，但随着向城市地区的迁移，这种情况正在发生变化。我们将生活在巴拿马偏远岛屿（艾利甘迪）、生活方式主要为狩猎采集的库纳印第安人的本土饮食，与那些已迁移至巴拿马城郊区（韦拉克鲁斯）的库纳印第安人的饮食进行了比较。1999年4月至10月期间，一个库纳研究团队的成员向来自艾利甘迪的133名成年库纳人和来自韦拉克鲁斯的183名成年库纳人发放了一份包含118个项目的食物频率问卷。收集了单次24小时尿液样本和非空腹血样。艾利甘迪的库纳人报告称，他们饮用含可可饮料的量是城市库纳人的10倍，鱼类摄入量是4倍，水果摄入量是2倍（t检验，P<0.05）。根据自我报告（分别为每周7.1±1.1和4.6±0.3茶匙）和尿钠水平（分别为177±9和160±7 mEq Na/克肌酐），生活在艾利甘迪和韦拉克鲁斯的人添加盐的量都很充足。居住在岛屿上的库纳人血压低似乎与低盐饮食无关。在迁移的库纳人之间存在差异的饮食因素中，富含黄烷醇的可可摄入量显著更高是进一步研究的一个潜在候选因素。
