College of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
Center for Health Services Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, 740 S Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
Nutr J. 2019 Aug 1;18(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s12937-019-0469-8.
Evidence for dietary habits among the Kuna Indians of Panama outside of cacao consumption is limited. Global trends suggest an uptake in processed foods conferring risk for chronic disease. This paper aims to provide information on dietary habits and investigate sociodemographic correlates of diet for the indigenous population living off the coast of Panama.
This sample included 211 Kuna Indians ages 18 years or older living within the island communities of Ustupu and Ogobsucum. Cross-sectional data was collected using a paper-based survey to assess dietary patterns. Categories of food included: fruits, vegetables, cacao, fish, sodas, fried, junk, and fast foods. Univariate analyses were used to describe demographic variables, followed by chi-squared tests to understand individual correlates of food types.
About 85% reported eating fast food at least weekly, 47% reported eating fried food daily, and 11% reported eating junk food daily. Forty-three percent of the sample population reported eating fish daily. Those with poor incomes reported more fish consumption than any other income group (51%, p = 0.02). After adjusting for all covariates, those in higher income categories were less likely to eat fruits, cacao, and fish daily, but were also less likely to eat fast food weekly and junk food daily. Elderly populations (age 60-90 OR = 12.17, 95%CI 2.00, 73.84), women (OR = 3.43, 95%CI 1.23, 9.56), and those with primary education (OR = 4.83, 95%CI 1.01, 23.0) were also more likely to eat fast food weekly.
This is the first dietary survey study of the Kuna that focuses on food groups outside of cacao. Results suggest the community could benefit from efforts to increase cultivation of fruits and vegetables and reduce the percentage of energy consumption contributed by fast food, fried food, and junk food.
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有关巴拿马库纳印第安人除可可消费外的饮食习惯的证据有限。全球趋势表明，加工食品的摄入量增加会增加患慢性病的风险。本文旨在提供有关饮食习惯的信息，并调查居住在巴拿马沿海岛屿社区的土著居民的饮食与社会人口学因素的相关性。
本研究样本包括 211 名年龄在 18 岁及以上的库纳印第安人，他们居住在乌斯图普和奥戈布斯库姆的岛屿社区。使用纸质问卷调查收集横断面数据，以评估饮食模式。食物类别包括：水果、蔬菜、可可、鱼、苏打水、油炸食品、垃圾食品和快餐。采用单变量分析描述人口统计学变量，然后采用卡方检验了解食物类型的个体相关性。
约 85%的人报告每周至少吃一次快餐，47%的人每天吃油炸食品，11%的人每天吃垃圾食品。43%的样本人口报告每天吃鱼。收入较低的人比其他任何收入群体都更常吃鱼（51%，p=0.02）。调整所有协变量后，收入较高类别的人更不可能每天吃水果、可可和鱼，但也不太可能每周吃快餐和每天吃垃圾食品。老年人群（60-90 岁 OR=12.17，95%CI 2.00，73.84）、女性（OR=3.43，95%CI 1.23，9.56）和接受过小学教育的人（OR=4.83，95%CI 1.01，23.0）每周更有可能吃快餐。
这是首次对库纳进行的除可可外的食物组进行的饮食调查研究。结果表明，该社区可以从增加水果和蔬菜种植以及减少快餐、油炸食品和垃圾食品的能量消耗比例方面受益。
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