Georgia Institute of Technology.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1977 Winter;10(4):657-64. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-657.
Because of the emphasis on winning, the difficulties involved in assessing performance, and the lack of frequent and contingent reinforcement, a behavioral approach to coaching football was used. The players, all nine- or ten-year-old males, were members of an offensive backfield on a Pop Warner football team. Three frequently-run offensive plays were broken down into a series of five behaviorally defined stages, permitting construction of checklists suitable for observing the players during both game and scrimmage sessions. The intervention consisted of the presentation and explanation of the appropriate checklist, and frequent contingent reinforcement in the form of feedback and recognition for instances of desired play execution. Performance gains averaging 20% occurred for each of the three plays after, and not before, the staggered introduction of each intervention. The results suggest that behavioral specification and positive reinforcement of desired play execution is a viable approach to the coaching of football.
由于强调胜利、评估绩效的困难以及缺乏频繁和有条件的强化，因此采用了一种行为方法来指导足球。这些球员都是参加 Pop Warner 足球俱乐部的九岁或十岁的男性，他们是进攻后防线的成员。三个经常进行的进攻战术被分解为一系列五个行为定义的阶段，这使得在比赛和模拟赛期间观察球员的检查表的构建成为可能。干预措施包括呈现和解释适当的检查表，并以反馈和认可的形式对期望的比赛执行情况进行频繁的有条件强化。在每次干预措施交错引入之后，而不是之前，这三个战术的表现平均提高了 20%。结果表明，对期望的比赛执行情况进行行为规范和积极强化是一种可行的足球指导方法。
