Clopper Cynthia G, Pisoni David B, Tierney Adam T
Department of Linguistics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
J Am Acad Audiol. 2006 May;17(5):331-49. doi: 10.3766/jaaa.17.5.4.
Closed-set tests of spoken word recognition are frequently used in clinical settings to assess the speech discrimination skills of hearing-impaired listeners, particularly children. Speech scientists have reported robust effects of lexical competition and talker variability in open-set tasks but not closed-set tasks, suggesting that closed-set tests of spoken word recognition may not be valid assessments of speech recognition skills. The goal of the current study was to explore some of the task demands that might account for this fundamental difference between open-set and closed-set tasks. In a series of four experiments, we manipulated the number and nature of the response alternatives. Results revealed that as more highly confusable foils were added to the response alternatives, lexical competition and talker variability effects emerged in closed-set tests of spoken word recognition. These results demonstrate a close coupling between task demands and lexical competition effects in lexical access and spoken word recognition processes.
在临床环境中，口语单词识别的闭集测试经常被用于评估听力受损听众，尤其是儿童的言语辨别能力。语音科学家报告称，在开放集任务中存在词汇竞争和说话者变异性的显著影响，但在闭集任务中却不存在，这表明口语单词识别的闭集测试可能不是言语识别技能的有效评估方法。本研究的目的是探索一些可能导致开放集和闭集任务之间这种根本差异的任务要求。在一系列四个实验中，我们操纵了反应选项的数量和性质。结果显示，随着反应选项中添加了更多极易混淆的干扰项，词汇竞争和说话者变异性效应在口语单词识别的闭集测试中出现了。这些结果表明，在词汇通达和口语单词识别过程中，任务要求与词汇竞争效应之间存在紧密的联系。
