Mignot G, Roux S, Thery Clotilde, Ségura Elodie, Zitvogel L
U805 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud - Université Paris XI, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
J Cell Mol Med. 2006 Apr-Jun;10(2):376-88. doi: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2006.tb00406.x.
Exosomes are nanometer sized membrane vesicles invaginating from multivesicular bodies and secreted from epithelial and hematopoietic cells. They were first described "in vitro" but vesicles with the hallmarks of exosomes are present in vivo in germinal centers and biological fluids. Their protein and lipid composition are unique and could account for their expanding functions such as eradication of obsolete proteins, antigen presentation or "Trojan horses" for viruses or prions. Exosome secretion could be a regulated process participating in the transfer of molecules inbetween immune cells. Despite numerous questions pertaining to their biological relevance, the potential of dendritic cell derived-exosomes as cell-free cancer vaccines is currently being assessed. This review will summarize the composition and formation of exosomes, preclinical data, Phase I trials and optimization protocols for improving their immunogenicity in tumor bearing patients.
外泌体是从多泡体向内凹陷并由上皮细胞和造血细胞分泌的纳米级膜泡。它们最初是在“体外”被描述的，但具有外泌体特征的囊泡存在于生发中心和生物体液的体内。它们的蛋白质和脂质组成独特，这可能解释了它们不断扩展的功能，如清除过时蛋白质、抗原呈递或作为病毒或朊病毒的“特洛伊木马”。外泌体分泌可能是一个参与免疫细胞间分子转移的调节过程。尽管关于它们的生物学相关性存在许多问题，但目前正在评估树突状细胞衍生的外泌体作为无细胞癌症疫苗的潜力。这篇综述将总结外泌体的组成和形成、临床前数据、I期试验以及提高其在肿瘤患者中免疫原性的优化方案。
