Harris Justin A
School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Psychol Rev. 2006 Jul;113(3):584-605. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.113.3.584.
This article reviews evidence and theories concerning the nature of stimulus representations in Pavlovian conditioning. It focuses on the elemental approach developed in stimulus sampling theory (R. C. Atkinson & W. K. Estes, 1963; R. R. Bush & F. Mosteller, 1951b) and extended by I. P. L. McLaren and N. J. Mackintosh (2000, 2002) and contrasts this with models that invoke notions of configural representations that uniquely code for different patterns of stimulus inputs (e.g., J. M. Pearce, 1987, 1994; R. A. Rescorla & A. R. Wagner, 1972; A. R. Wagner & S. E. Brandon, 2001). The article then presents a new elemental model that emphasizes interactions between stimulus elements. This model is shown to explain a range of behavioral findings, including those (e.g., negative patterning and biconditional discriminations) traditionally thought to be beyond the explanatory capabilities of elemental models. Moreover, the model offers a ready explanation for recent findings reported by R. A. Rescorla (2000, 2001, 2002b) concerning the way that stimuli with different conditioning histories acquire associative strength when conditioned in compound.
本文回顾了有关巴甫洛夫条件反射中刺激表征本质的证据和理论。它聚焦于刺激抽样理论(R. C. 阿特金森和W. K. 埃斯蒂斯,1963年;R. R. 布什和F. 莫斯特勒,1951b)中发展起来并由I. P. L. 麦克拉伦和N. J. 麦金托什(2000年、2002年)扩展的元素法,并将其与那些援引对不同刺激输入模式进行唯一编码的构型表征概念的模型(例如,J. M. 皮尔斯,1987年、1994年;R. A. 雷斯克拉和A. R. 瓦格纳,1972年;A. R. 瓦格纳和S. E. 布兰登,2001年)进行对比。然后,本文提出了一个强调刺激元素之间相互作用的新元素模型。该模型被证明能够解释一系列行为学发现,包括那些传统上被认为超出元素模型解释能力范围的发现(例如,负性模式和双条件辨别)。此外,该模型为R. A. 雷斯克拉(2000年、2001年、2002b)报告的关于具有不同条件反射历史的刺激在复合条件反射时获得联想强度方式的近期发现提供了现成的解释。