Zanatta R, Miniscalco B, Guarro J, Gené J, Capucchio M T, Gallo M G, Mikulicich B, Peano A
Dipartimenti di Patologia Animale e di Produzioni Animali, Epidemiologia ed Ecologia, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Torino, Italy.
Med Mycol. 2006 Feb;44(1):93-7. doi: 10.1080/13693780500302726.
The genus Penicillium is among the most common contaminant fungi in the environment. Around 15 species are known to cause opportunistic human mycoses, in immunocompromised patients. Until now, Penicillium purpurogenum has been involved in only three human cases of pulmonary diseases but no infections in animals have been reported. Most disseminated mycoses in dogs are caused by members of the genus Aspergillus, with the predisposing factors in these cases being difficult to define. The case reported here involved a 4-year-old female German shepherd dog (GSD) with forelimb instability and back pain. Clinical examination showed hyperthermia, generalized lymphadenomegaly and kyphosis. Radiological findings of the spine revealed areas of discospondilitis involving thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Microscopic observations of fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) of lymph-nodes showed regular, septate, branching fungal hyphae. Itraconazole therapy was started but the subject died six days later. Disseminated necrotic areas were detected in enlarged lymph-nodes, liver and spleen. Vertebral granulomas within lytic areas in T10-T11 and L2-L3, were observed. Cultures inoculated with samples obtained from lymph-node FNAB and bioptic material from necropsied organs revealed the presence of pure cultures of Penicillium, subsequently identified as P. purpurogenum. Apart from female GSD's suspected predisposition to disseminated mycoses described in literature, no other predisposing factors were ascertained in this case.
青霉属是环境中最常见的污染真菌之一。已知约有15种会在免疫功能低下的患者中引起机会性人类真菌病。到目前为止，紫青霉仅涉及3例人类肺部疾病病例，但尚未有动物感染的报道。犬类中大多数播散性真菌病是由曲霉属成员引起的，这些病例中的诱发因素难以确定。本文报道的病例是一只4岁雌性德国牧羊犬，出现前肢不稳和背痛。临床检查发现体温过高、全身淋巴结肿大和脊柱后凸。脊柱的放射学检查结果显示胸腰椎椎间盘炎区域。对淋巴结细针穿刺活检（FNAB）的显微镜观察显示有规则的、有隔膜的、分支的真菌菌丝。开始使用伊曲康唑治疗，但该犬6天后死亡。在肿大的淋巴结、肝脏和脾脏中检测到播散性坏死区域。观察到T10 - T11和L2 - L3溶骨区域内的椎体肉芽肿。用从淋巴结FNAB获得的样本以及尸检器官的活检材料接种培养，发现存在青霉的纯培养物，随后鉴定为紫青霉。除了文献中描述的雌性德国牧羊犬疑似易患播散性真菌病外，该病例未确定其他诱发因素。
