Sonoda Eiichiro, Hochegger Helfrid, Saberi Alihossein, Taniguchi Yoshihito, Takeda Shunichi
Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Konoe Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
DNA Repair (Amst). 2006 Sep 8;5(9-10):1021-9. doi: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2006.05.022. Epub 2006 Jun 27.
Repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) plays a critical role in the maintenance of the genome. DSB arise frequently as a consequence of replication fork stalling and also due to the attack of exogenous agents. Repair of broken DNA is essential for survival. Two major pathways, homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) have evolved to deal with these lesions, and are conserved from yeast to vertebrates. Despite the conservation of these pathways, their relative contribution to DSB repair varies greatly between these two species. HR plays a dominant role in any DSB repair in yeast, whereas NHEJ significantly contributes to DSB repair in vertebrates. This active NHEJ requires a regulatory mechanism to choose HR or NHEJ in vertebrate cells. In this review, we illustrate how HR and NHEJ are differentially regulated depending on the phase of cell cycle and on the nature of the DSB.
DNA双链断裂（DSB）的修复在基因组维持中起着关键作用。DSB经常因复制叉停滞以及外源因子的攻击而产生。断裂DNA的修复对细胞存活至关重要。两种主要途径，即同源重组（HR）和非同源末端连接（NHEJ）已经进化出来以处理这些损伤，并且从酵母到脊椎动物都是保守的。尽管这些途径具有保守性，但它们对DSB修复的相对贡献在这两个物种之间有很大差异。HR在酵母的任何DSB修复中起主导作用，而NHEJ在脊椎动物的DSB修复中起显著作用。这种活跃的NHEJ需要一种调节机制来在脊椎动物细胞中选择HR或NHEJ。在这篇综述中，我们阐述了HR和NHEJ如何根据细胞周期阶段和DSB的性质受到不同的调节。
