Bruns-Neumann Erdmut
Doktorandin an der Univesität Utrecht, Academie voor Gezondheitszorg, Divisie Verplegingswetenschap, Utrecht.
Pflege. 2006 Jun;19(3):146-55. doi: 10.1024/1012-5302.19.3.146.
Advising and guidance of parents of premature children represent an important field of care activity in paediatrics. Nursing personnel are expected to react appropriately and competently to the needs and problematic situations of parents of prematurely born children. Only a restricted basis of sound knowledge is available for the fulfilment of this demanding task. The aim and purpose of the following literature analysis is to collect the knowledge currently available and to make it available to nursing, in theory and practice, in a concise form. In this way, the tasks of nursing personnel in this field can be formulated and future training content can be defined in more detail. Several data banks and the keyword catalogue of the University and Regional Library of Münster and the Central Library for Medicine in Cologne were consulted using the key term "premature birth" and various combinations of terms. A look at the research results makes it clear that the perspective of nursing researchers is particularly restricted to the immediately present and acute problem situations of children and parents during the period of the postnatal stay in hospital. There are only very few studies -that inquire into long-term effects in the parents' experiencing and overcoming of the premature birth. The following literature study shows that mothers in particular display intense emotional reactions as a result of a premature birth. These emotions are expressed in the form of fear concerning the disablement or death of the child as well as in feelings of physical inadequacy and incomplete self-realisation. In view of the life-long increased morbidity of prematurely born children and the hospital stays related to it, nursing personnel could benefit from developing specific insight into and understanding for the difficult life situation of parents of a prematurely born child. Regarding the present state of research, it is striking that the aspects of how the parents of premature children come to terms with their problem situations have to date been predominantly investigated via standardized processes.
为早产儿父母提供建议和指导是儿科护理活动的一个重要领域。护理人员需要对早产儿童父母的需求和问题情况做出适当且专业的反应。然而，目前用于完成这项艰巨任务的可靠知识基础有限。以下文献分析的目的是收集当前可用的知识，并以简洁的形式将其提供给护理领域的理论与实践。通过这种方式，可以明确护理人员在该领域的任务，并更详细地确定未来的培训内容。我们使用关键词“早产”以及各种相关词汇组合，查阅了多个数据库以及明斯特大学和地区图书馆以及科隆医学中央图书馆的关键词目录。研究结果表明，护理研究人员的视角特别局限于产后住院期间儿童和父母当前即刻面临的急性问题情况。很少有研究探讨早产对父母经历和克服早产的长期影响。以下文献研究表明，母亲尤其会因早产而表现出强烈的情绪反应。这些情绪表现为对孩子残疾或死亡的恐惧，以及身体上的不足感和自我实现不完整的感觉。鉴于早产儿童终身发病率的增加以及与之相关的住院情况，护理人员若能深入了解早产儿童父母艰难的生活状况，将从中受益。就目前的研究状况而言，值得注意的是，迄今为止，早产儿童父母如何应对问题情况这一方面主要是通过标准化流程进行调查的。
