Kellogg Ronald T, Olive Thierry, Piolat Annie
Department of Psychology, Shannon Hall, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO 63103-2097, USA.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2007 Mar;124(3):382-97. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2006.02.005. Epub 2006 Jul 5.
College students wrote definitions of either abstract or concrete nouns in longhand while performing a concurrent working memory (WM) task. They detected either a verbal (syllable), visual (shape), or spatial (location) stimulus and decided whether it matched the last one presented 15-45s earlier. Writing definitions of both noun types elevated the response time to verbal targets above baseline. Such interference was observed for visual targets only when defining concrete nouns and was eliminated entirely with spatial targets. The interference effect for verbal targets was the same whether they were read or heard, implicating phonological storage. The findings suggest that language production requires phonological or verbal WM. Visual WM is selectively engaged when imaging the referents of concrete nouns.
大学生们在进行一项并发工作记忆（WM）任务时，用手写方式写出抽象或具体名词的定义。他们检测言语（音节）、视觉（形状）或空间（位置）刺激，并判断其是否与15至45秒前呈现的最后一个刺激相匹配。写出两种名词类型的定义会使对言语目标的反应时间高于基线水平。仅在定义具体名词时，对视觉目标才观察到这种干扰，而对空间目标则完全没有干扰。无论言语目标是被读出还是被听到，其干扰效应都是相同的，这涉及语音存储。研究结果表明，语言生成需要语音或言语工作记忆。在对具体名词的所指对象进行成像时，视觉工作记忆会被选择性地激活。
