1 University of California, Irvine, USA.
2 Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA.
J Learn Disabil. 2018 Jul/Aug;51(4):320-335. doi: 10.1177/0022219417712016. Epub 2017 Jun 9.
We discuss a component-based, developmental view of text writing fluency, which we tested using data from children in Grades 2 and 3. Text writing fluency was defined as efficiency and automaticity in writing connected texts, which acts as a mediator between text generation (oral language), transcription skills, and writing quality. We hypothesized that in the beginning phase, text writing fluency would be largely constrained by transcription skills (spelling and handwriting), while at a later phase, oral language would make an independent contribution to text writing fluency. Furthermore, we hypothesized that text writing fluency would have a stronger relationship with writing quality at a later phase than at an earlier phase. We operationalized text writing fluency using two curriculum-based measurement writing scores: percentage correct word sequences and correct minus incorrect word sequences. Results revealed that in Grade 2, only transcription skills were uniquely related to text writing fluency, whereas in Grade 3, oral language was also related to text writing fluency. Text writing fluency was weakly related to writing quality in Grade 2 but strongly related to writing quality in Grade 3, over and above oral language and transcription skills. In both grades, oral language and handwriting fluency were independently related to writing quality. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
我们讨论了一种基于组件的、发展性的文本写作流畅性观点，我们使用来自 2 年级和 3 年级儿童的数据来检验这一观点。文本写作流畅性被定义为写作连贯文本的效率和自动性，它作为文本生成（口头语言）、转录技能和写作质量之间的中介。我们假设在初始阶段，文本写作流畅性主要受到转录技能（拼写和手写）的限制，而在后期阶段，口语会对文本写作流畅性做出独立的贡献。此外，我们假设在后期阶段，文本写作流畅性与写作质量的关系比早期阶段更强。我们使用基于课程的两种测量写作分数来操作文本写作流畅性：正确单词序列的百分比和正确减去错误单词序列。结果表明，在 2 年级，只有转录技能与文本写作流畅性有独特的关系，而在 3 年级，口语也与文本写作流畅性有关。在 2 年级，文本写作流畅性与写作质量的关系较弱，但在 3 年级，文本写作流畅性与写作质量的关系较强，超过了口语和转录技能。在两个年级中，口语和手写流畅性都与写作质量独立相关。讨论了理论和实践意义。
