Colombelli Julien, Pepperkok Rainer, Stelzer Ernst H K, Reynaud Emmanuel G
Laboratoire Européen de Biologie Moléculaire, LEBM, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Allemagne.
Med Sci (Paris). 2006 Jun-Jul;22(6-7):651-8. doi: 10.1051/medsci/20062267651.
Since their first use in the early 60's, pulsed lasers have become increasingly popular for their ability to ablate biological tissue. Short laser pulses allow high precision surgery for biological and medical applications with minimal invasiveness. Performing highly targeted manipulation and ablation allows experiments impossible so far in development biology, cellular biology or even assisted reproductive technologies and laser surgery has been increasingly used over the last five years to answer key questions in Biology. Recently, picosecond UV and femtosecond IR laser pulses have been used to cleave microtubules and to severe actin stress fibers in vivo with a spatial precision in the submicrometer range to study their dynamics without affecting cell viability. We review recent findings on the underlying principles of pulsed laser nanosurgery mechanisms showing how the use of ultra short laser pulses increases precision and non-invasiveness of laser surgery. We show how the understanding of the surgical process allows one to distinguish between single cell ablation in living organisms or intracellular nanosurgery in living cells and we review recent applications to the study of forces and the quantification of cytoskeleton dynamics.
自20世纪60年代初首次使用以来，脉冲激光因其能够消融生物组织而越来越受欢迎。短激光脉冲允许在生物和医学应用中进行高精度手术，且侵入性最小。进行高度靶向的操作和消融使得在发育生物学、细胞生物学甚至辅助生殖技术中迄今为止不可能进行的实验得以开展，并且在过去五年中，激光手术越来越多地被用于解答生物学中的关键问题。最近，皮秒紫外线和飞秒红外线激光脉冲已被用于在体内切割微管并切断肌动蛋白应力纤维，其空间精度在亚微米范围内，以研究它们的动态变化，而不影响细胞活力。我们回顾了关于脉冲激光纳米手术机制基本原理的最新发现，展示了超短激光脉冲的使用如何提高激光手术的精度和非侵入性。我们展示了对手术过程的理解如何使人们能够区分在活生物体中的单细胞消融或在活细胞中的细胞内纳米手术，并且我们回顾了最近在力的研究和细胞骨架动力学定量方面的应用。
