Ayalew Amare, Fehrmann Hartmut, Lepschy Johann, Beck Robert, Abate Dawit
Department of Plant Sciences, Alemaya University, P.O. Box 241, Alemaya, Ethiopia.
Mycopathologia. 2006 Jul;162(1):57-63. doi: 10.1007/s11046-006-0027-8.
The occurrence of mycotoxins in barley, sorghum, teff (Eragrostis tef) and wheat from Ethiopia has been studied. Samples were analyzed for aflatoxin B(1) (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and zearalenone (ZEN) using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and for fumonisins (FUM) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AFB1 and OTA were detected in samples of all the four crops. AFB1 was detected in 8.8% of the 352 samples analyzed at concentrations ranging from trace to 26 microg kg(-1). OTA occurred in 24.3% of 321 samples at a mean concentration of 54.1 microg kg(-1) and a maximum of 2106 microg kg(-1). DON occurred in barley, sorghum and wheat at 40-2340 microg kg(-1) with an overall incidence of 48.8% among the 84 mainly 'suspect' samples analyzed; NIV was co-analyzed with DON and was detected at 40 microg kg(-1) in a wheat sample and at 50, 380, and 490 microg kg(-1) in three sorghum samples. FUM and ZEN occurred only in sorghum samples with low frequencies at concentrations reaching 2117 and 32 microg kg(-1), respectively. The analytical results indicate higher mycotoxin contamination in sorghum, which could be related to the widespread storage of sorghum grain in underground pits leading to elevated seed moisture contents. This is the first report on the occurrence of OTA in teff.
对埃塞俄比亚大麦、高粱、画眉草（Eragrostis tef）和小麦中的霉菌毒素发生情况进行了研究。使用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）分析样品中的黄曲霉毒素B（1）（AFB1）、赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（NIV）和玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN），并使用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）分析伏马毒素（FUM）。在所有四种作物的样品中均检测到AFB1和OTA。在352个分析样品中的8.8%检测到AFB1，浓度范围从痕量到26μg kg⁻¹。OTA存在于321个样品中的24.3%，平均浓度为54.1μg kg⁻¹，最高为2106μg kg⁻¹。DON存在于大麦、高粱和小麦中，浓度为40 - 2340μg kg⁻¹，在84个主要“可疑”分析样品中的总体发生率为48.8%；NIV与DON同时分析，在一个小麦样品中检测到浓度为40μg kg⁻¹，在三个高粱样品中检测到浓度为50、380和490μg kg⁻¹。FUM和ZEN仅在高粱样品中以低频率出现，浓度分别达到2117和32μg kg⁻¹。分析结果表明高粱中的霉菌毒素污染较高，这可能与高粱籽粒广泛储存在地下窖中导致种子含水量升高有关。这是关于画眉草中OTA发生情况的首次报告。
