August Gerald J, Winters Ken C, Realmuto George M, Fahnhorst Tamara, Botzet Andria, Lee Susanne
Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006 Jul;45(7):824-32. doi: 10.1097/01.chi.0000219831.16226.f8.
To describe the late adolescent drug use outcomes from a relatively large, community-identified sample of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who have been assessed longitudinally from childhood through late adolescence.
Adolescent drug use outcomes were compared between ADHD-only (n = 27), ADHD-externalizing (mostly oppositional defiant disorder) (n = 82), and normal control (n = 91) groups.
The ADHD-externalizing group revealed significantly worse drug use outcomes (drug use frequency and substance use disorders) compared to the other two groups, and the ADHD-only group showed outcomes comparable to the community control group.
ADHD without a comorbid externalizing disorder is not associated with an increased risk of drug abuse. ADHD with a comorbid externalizing disorder, primarily oppositional defiant disorder, is associated with an elevated risk of drug use, particularly with respect to marijuana and tobacco involvement.
描述从童年期到青春期后期经过纵向评估的、相对较大的、由社区识别出的注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）儿童样本在青少年晚期的药物使用结果。
比较仅患有ADHD（n = 27）、患有ADHD且有外化问题（主要是对立违抗障碍）（n = 82）和正常对照组（n = 91）之间青少年药物使用结果。
与其他两组相比，患有ADHD且有外化问题的组显示出明显更差的药物使用结果（药物使用频率和物质使用障碍），且仅患有ADHD的组显示出与社区对照组相当的结果。
没有共病外化障碍的ADHD与药物滥用风险增加无关。患有共病外化障碍（主要是对立违抗障碍）的ADHD与药物使用风险升高有关，尤其是在涉及大麻和烟草方面。
