Symmes Amanda, Winters Ken C, Fahnhorst Tamara, Botzet Andria, Lee Susanne, August Gerald, Realmuto George
Augsburg College, Minneapolis, MN.
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
J Child Adolesc Subst Abuse. 2015;24(1):37-45. doi: 10.1080/1067828X.2012.756442.
Previous research indicates that youth with ADHD are more susceptible to nicotine use compared to those without ADHD and one explanation for this association is the self-medication theory. The present study examines nicotine use in a prospective sample derived from a community sampling procedure rather than a clinical setting. Nicotine use was measured through young adulthood (mean ages: 18, 20 and 22) and three groups were compared based on childhood status: ADHD-only, ADHD-extemalizers and control groups. Results indicated that at all three data points, individuals with childhood ADHD plus an externalizing disorder reported higher nicotine use on all variables compared to the ADHD group absent of an externalizing disorder and the comparison group of non-ADHD youth. The group differences were significant even after controlling for possible confounding variables (age, gender, and current treatment with psychostimulant medication). Study results are discussed in light of the self-medication hypothesis and of the importance of including nicotine prevention programs for adolescents and young adults with ADHD and externalizing problems.
先前的研究表明，与没有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的青少年相比，患有ADHD的青少年更容易使用尼古丁，对此关联的一种解释是自我药疗理论。本研究在一个通过社区抽样程序而非临床环境获得的前瞻性样本中考察尼古丁使用情况。尼古丁使用情况的测量贯穿青年期（平均年龄为18岁、20岁和22岁），并根据童年时期的状况将三组进行比较：仅患有ADHD组、ADHD-外化障碍组和对照组。结果表明，在所有三个数据点上，患有童年ADHD外加一种外化障碍的个体在所有变量上的尼古丁使用量均高于没有外化障碍的ADHD组以及非ADHD青年对照组。即使在控制了可能的混杂变量（年龄、性别和当前使用精神振奋药物治疗）之后，组间差异仍然显著。研究结果将根据自我药疗假说以及为患有ADHD和外化问题的青少年和青年纳入尼古丁预防项目的重要性进行讨论。
