Cardiac markers and their point-of-care testing for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the world's leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Therefore, quick and reliable diagnostics of AMI is extremely critical. Compared to the traditionally used central laboratory tests (CLT), which can be time-consuming and expensive, point-of-care testing (POCT) for AMI-indicative cardiac markers provides a convenient means for rapid diagnostic assays to be performed at the site of patient care delivery. In this article, the etiology and diagnosis of AMI are introduced, and some typical cardiac markers and their clinical applications are reviewed. Furthermore, the various POC cardiac marker devices that are currently available, the benefits of using cardiac marker POC assays, and challenges that cardiac marker POCT are facing are also discussed.