Izikson Leonid, English Joseph C, Zirwas Matthew J
Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania, USA.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006 Aug;55(2):193-208. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2005.07.057.
Cutaneous flushing-a common presenting complaint to dermatologists, allergists, internists, and family practitioners-results from changes in cutaneous blood flow triggered by multiple conditions. Most cases are caused by very common, benign diseases, such as rosacea or climacterum, that are readily apparent after a thorough taking of history and physical examination. However, in some cases, accurate diagnosis requires further laboratory, radiologic, or histopathologic studies to differentiate several important clinicopathologic entities. In particular, the serious diagnoses of carcinoid syndrome, pheochromocytoma, mastocytosis, and anaphylaxis need to be excluded by laboratory studies. If this work-up is unrevealing, rare causes, such as medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, pancreatic cell tumor, renal carcinoma, and others, should be considered.
At the completion of this learning activity, participants should be familiar with the mechanisms of flushing, its clinical differential diagnosis, the approach to establish a definitive diagnosis, and management of various conditions that produce flushing.
皮肤潮红是皮肤科医生、过敏症专科医生、内科医生和家庭医生常见的就诊主诉，它是由多种情况引发的皮肤血流变化所致。大多数病例由非常常见的良性疾病引起，如玫瑰痤疮或更年期综合征，在全面采集病史和进行体格检查后很容易明确。然而，在某些情况下，准确诊断需要进一步的实验室、影像学或组织病理学检查，以区分几种重要的临床病理实体。特别是，类癌综合征、嗜铬细胞瘤、肥大细胞增多症和过敏反应等严重诊断需要通过实验室检查排除。如果这些检查没有结果，则应考虑罕见病因，如甲状腺髓样癌、胰腺细胞瘤、肾癌等。
在完成本学习活动后，参与者应熟悉潮红的机制、其临床鉴别诊断、确立明确诊断的方法以及对各种引起潮红的病症的管理。
