Young Warren B, Pryor Luke
School of Human Movement & Sport Sciences, University of Ballarat, PO Box 663, Ballarat, Victoria 3353, Australia.
J Sci Med Sport. 2007 Apr;10(2):110-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2006.06.003. Epub 2006 Jul 18.
The purpose of this research was to determine the relationships between selected anthropometric and fitness measures with indicators of performance in elite junior Australian football players. During the pre-season, 485 players from the elite Victorian under-18 Australian Rules football competition were tested for height, body mass, hand span, arm length, standing reach, vertical jump, 5 and 20 m sprint times, agility, predicted VO(2max) and sit and reach flexibility. Performance indicators included being selected for the first game of the season and the number of possessions, marks, hitouts, and the number of games where votes were awarded in the first eight games of the season. The top and bottom four teams on the ladder were also compared after eight games. Players were divided into groups on the basis of the above indicators and the groups were compared statistically by analysis of variance (ANOVA). There were several significant differences between selected and non-selected players. Players acquiring the most possessions were significantly (p<0.05) shorter (effect size: ES=0.78), with less body mass (ES=0.55) and possessed greater acceleration (ES=0.44-0.56) and endurance (ES=0.51). Body mass was significantly related to the number of marks and height was related to hitouts (p<0.05). Acceleration was the only fitness quality to discriminate between higher and lower vote winners. The players from the top four teams had a significantly greater standing reach (p=0.038, ES=0.53), were heavier (p=0.032, ES=0.55) but not superior in any fitness measure. Generally hand span, agility and flexibility were not related to performance indicators. It was concluded that shorter and lighter players who possess high levels of speed and endurance are more likely to acquire possessions and be awarded votes, however these attributes do not guarantee team success. The small relationships between agility and flexibility to performance might be explained by the choice of tests used to assess these qualities.
本研究的目的是确定澳大利亚青少年精英足球运动员所选人体测量指标和体能指标与表现指标之间的关系。在季前赛期间，对来自维多利亚州精英18岁以下澳大利亚式足球比赛的485名球员进行了身高、体重、手跨度、臂长、站立伸展高度、垂直跳跃、5米和20米短跑时间、敏捷性、预测最大摄氧量（VO₂max）以及坐立前屈灵活性测试。表现指标包括是否被选入赛季首场比赛以及赛季前八场比赛中的控球次数、争顶成功次数、开球次数和获得投票的比赛场次。在八场比赛后，还对积分榜上排名前四和后四的球队进行了比较。根据上述指标将球员分组，并通过方差分析（ANOVA）对各组进行统计学比较。入选和未入选球员之间存在若干显著差异。控球次数最多的球员显著更矮（效应量：ES = 0.78），体重更轻（ES = 0.55），但具有更强的加速能力（ES = 0.44 - 0.56）和耐力（ES = 0.51）。体重与争顶成功次数显著相关，身高与开球次数相关（p < 0.05）。加速能力是区分获得投票较多和较少球员的唯一体能素质。排名前四球队的球员站立伸展高度显著更高（p = 0.038，ES = 0.53），体重更重（p = 0.032，ES = 0.55），但在任何体能指标上都不占优势。一般来说，手跨度、敏捷性和灵活性与表现指标无关。研究得出结论，身材矮小且体重较轻但具备高速度和耐力的球员更有可能控球并获得投票，然而这些属性并不能保证球队取得成功。敏捷性和灵活性与表现之间的微弱关系可能是由于用于评估这些素质的测试选择所致。
