McDonald Catherine
West Morris Regional High School District, Chester, NJ, USA.
J Sch Nurs. 2006 Aug;22(4):193-200. doi: 10.1177/10598405050220040201.
Self-mutilation is not a new trend or phenomenon in adolescents. Self-mutilation can be divided into three categories: major, stereotypic, and moderate/superficial. Moderate/superficial self-mutilation is the most common type in adolescents and includes cutting, burning, and carving. School nurses are positioned to identify, to assist, and to educate adolescents who are self-mutilating, as well as those who may be at risk. A crucial intervention by school nurses is referral of students who are self-mutilating, because it is a gateway to treatment. Treatment, which includes therapy and medication, may be a difficult and lengthy process. The adolescent who self-mutilates may find the school environment difficult during treatment. School nurses must become educated about adolescent self-mutilation in order to care for those who engage in this behavior. Prevention of self-mutilation should focus on increasing coping mechanisms, facilitating decision-making strategies, encouraging positive relationships, and cultivating self-esteem.
自残在青少年中并非一种新趋势或现象。自残可分为三类：严重型、刻板型和中度/浅表型。中度/浅表型自残是青少年中最常见的类型，包括割伤、烧伤和刻划。学校护士有责任识别、协助和教育正在自残的青少年以及那些可能有风险的青少年。学校护士的一项关键干预措施是将自残的学生转介出去，因为这是获得治疗的途径。治疗包括心理治疗和药物治疗，可能是一个艰难而漫长的过程。自残的青少年在治疗期间可能会觉得学校环境很困难。学校护士必须了解青少年自残的相关知识，以便照顾有这种行为的学生。自残的预防应侧重于增加应对机制、促进决策策略、鼓励积极的人际关系以及培养自尊。
