Kalisch Raffael, Wiech Katja, Herrmann Katrin, Dolan Raymond J
Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK.
J Cogn Neurosci. 2006 Aug;18(8):1266-76. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2006.18.8.1266.
Cognitive strategies used in volitional emotion regulation include self-distraction and reappraisal (reinterpretation). There is debate as to what the psychological and neurobiological mechanisms underlying these strategies are. For example, it is unclear whether self-distraction and reappraisal, although distinct at a phenomenological level, are also mediated by distinct neural processes. This is partly because imaging studies on reappraisal and self-distraction have been performed in different emotional contexts and are difficult to compare. We have therefore investigated the neural correlates of self-distraction, as indexed by a thought suppression task, in an anticipatory anxiety paradigm previously employed by us to study reappraisal. Brain activity was measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging. We show that self-distraction recruits the left lateral prefrontal cortex. Based on a review of the existing data, we develop a process model of cognitive emotion regulation. The model posits that both self-distraction and reappraisal attenuate emotional reactions through replacement of emotional by neutral mental contents but achieve replacement in different ways. This is associated with a dependence of self-distraction on a left prefrontal production function, whereas reappraisal depends on a right prefrontal higher order monitoring process.
意志性情绪调节中使用的认知策略包括自我分心和重新评价（重新诠释）。关于这些策略背后的心理和神经生物学机制是什么，存在争议。例如，尚不清楚自我分心和重新评价，尽管在现象学层面有所不同，但是否也由不同的神经过程介导。部分原因在于，关于重新评价和自我分心的成像研究是在不同的情绪情境中进行的，难以进行比较。因此，我们在之前用于研究重新评价的预期性焦虑范式中，通过一项思维抑制任务作为指标，研究了自我分心的神经关联。通过功能磁共振成像测量大脑活动。我们发现自我分心会激活左侧前额叶皮层。基于对现有数据的综述，我们构建了一个认知情绪调节的过程模型。该模型假定，自我分心和重新评价都通过用中性心理内容替代情绪性内容来减弱情绪反应，但实现替代的方式不同。这与自我分心对左侧前额叶生成功能的依赖有关，而重新评价则依赖于右侧前额叶的高阶监测过程。
