Atance Cristina M, Meltzoff Andrew N
School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Psychol Sci. 2006 Jul;17(7):583-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01748.x.
We introduce a new paradigm to assess how children's choices for the future are influenced by their current desires. Forty-eight 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds were assigned to one of four conditions. In two of these conditions (intervention), we manipulated children's current state of thirst by allowing them to eat pretzels. In the remaining two conditions (baseline), we did not give them pretzels. The children were then asked to choose between water and pretzels. In one intervention and one baseline condition, they chose what they would like "now," whereas in the other intervention and baseline conditions, they chose what they would like "tomorrow." Results revealed that, despite children's overwhelming desire for pretzels in the baseline conditions, children in both intervention conditions chose water. The data support the notion that children's current state influences not only their choices for the present, but also their choices for the future. We discuss this finding in terms of both cognitive-developmental and adult social-cognitive theory.
我们引入了一种新的范式，以评估儿童对未来的选择如何受到他们当前欲望的影响。48名3岁、4岁和5岁的儿童被分配到四种条件之一。在其中两种条件（干预组）下，我们让孩子们吃椒盐脆饼来操纵他们当前的口渴状态。在其余两种条件（基线组）下，我们不给他们椒盐脆饼。然后要求孩子们在水和椒盐脆饼之间做出选择。在一种干预条件和一种基线条件下，他们选择“现在”想要的东西，而在另一种干预条件和基线条件下，他们选择“明天”想要的东西。结果显示，尽管在基线条件下孩子们对椒盐脆饼有着压倒性的渴望，但在两种干预条件下的孩子都选择了水。数据支持了这样一种观点，即儿童当前的状态不仅会影响他们当下的选择，还会影响他们对未来的选择。我们从认知发展理论和成人社会认知理论的角度讨论了这一发现。
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