Das Swapan Kumar, Elbein Steven C
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas.
Cellscience. 2006 Apr 30;2(4):100-131. doi: 10.1901/jaba.2006.2-100.
Type 2 Diabetes results from a complex physiologic process that includes the pancreatic beta cells, peripheral glucose uptake in muscle, the secretion of multiple cytokines and hormone-like molecules from adipocytes, hepatic glucose production, and likely the central nervous system. Consistent with the complex web of physiologic defects, the emerging picture of the genetics will involve a large number of risk susceptibility genes, each individually with relatively small effect (odds ratios below 1.2 in most cases). The challenge for the future will include cataloging and confirming the genetic risk factors, and understanding how these risk factors interact with each other and with the known environmental and lifestyle risk factors that increase the propensity to type 2 diabetes.
2型糖尿病源于一个复杂的生理过程，该过程涉及胰腺β细胞、肌肉中的外周葡萄糖摄取、脂肪细胞分泌多种细胞因子和激素样分子、肝脏葡萄糖生成，可能还涉及中枢神经系统。与复杂的生理缺陷网络相一致，遗传学的新情况将涉及大量风险易感基因，每个基因单独的影响相对较小（大多数情况下优势比低于1.2）。未来的挑战将包括对遗传风险因素进行编目和确认，以及了解这些风险因素如何相互作用，以及如何与已知的增加2型糖尿病易感性的环境和生活方式风险因素相互作用。
