Steindorf Karen, Friedenreich Christine, Linseisen Jakob, Rohrmann Sabine, Rundle Andrew, Veglia Fabrizio, Vineis Paolo, Johnsen Nina Fønns, Tjønneland Anne, Overvad Kim, Raaschou-Nielsen Ole, Clavel-Chapelon Françoise, Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine, Schulz Mandy, Boeing Heiner, Trichopoulou Antonia, Kalapothaki Victoria, Koliva Maria, Krogh Vittorio, Palli Domenico, Tumino Rosario, Panico Salvatore, Monninkhof Evelyn, Peeters Petra H, Boshuizen Hendriek C, Bueno-de-Mesquita H Bas, Chirlaque Maria-Dolores, Agudo Antonio, Larrañaga Nerea, Quirós José R, Martínez Carmen, Barricarte Aurelio, Janzon Lars, Berglund Göran, Bingham Sheila, Khaw Kay-Tee, Key Timothy J, Norat Teresa, Jenab Mazda, Cust Anne, Riboli Elio
Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany.
Int J Cancer. 2006 Nov 15;119(10):2389-97. doi: 10.1002/ijc.22125.
Research conducted predominantly in male populations on physical activity and lung cancer has yielded inconsistent results. We examined this relationship among 416,277 men and women from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Detailed information on recent recreational, household and occupational physical activity, smoking habits and diet was assessed at baseline between 1992 and 2000. Relative risks (RR) were estimated using Cox regression. During 6.3 years of follow-up we identified 607 men and 476 women with incident lung cancer. We did not observe an inverse association between recent occupational, recreational or household physical activity and lung cancer risk in either males or females. However, we found some reduction in lung cancer risk associated with sports in males (adjusted RR = 0.71; 95% confidence interval 0.50-0.98; highest tertile vs. inactive group), cycling (RR = 0.73; 0.54-0.99) in females and non-occupational vigorous physical activity. For occupational physical activity, lung cancer risk was increased for unemployed men (adjusted RR = 1.57; 1.20-2.05) and men with standing occupations (RR = 1.35; 1.02-1.79) compared with sitting professions. There was no evidence of heterogeneity of physical activity associations across countries, or across any of the considered cofactors. For some histologic subtypes suggestive sex-specific reductions, limited by subgroup sizes, were observed, especially with vigorous physical activity. In total, our study shows no consistent protective associations of physical activity with lung cancer risk. It can be assumed that the elevated risks found for occupational physical activity are not produced mechanistically by physical activity itself but rather reflect exposure to occupation-related lung cancer risk factors.
主要针对男性人群开展的关于体育活动与肺癌关系的研究结果并不一致。我们在欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查（EPIC）的416,277名男性和女性中研究了这种关系。1992年至2000年基线时评估了关于近期休闲、家务和职业体育活动、吸烟习惯及饮食的详细信息。使用Cox回归估计相对风险（RR）。在6.3年的随访期间，我们识别出607例男性和476例女性患新发肺癌。我们未观察到近期职业、休闲或家务体育活动与男性或女性肺癌风险之间存在负相关。然而，我们发现男性中与运动相关的肺癌风险有所降低（调整后RR = 0.71；95%置信区间0.50 - 0.98；最高三分位数组与不活动组相比），女性中与骑自行车相关的肺癌风险降低（RR = 0.73；0.54 - 0.99）以及与非职业性剧烈体育活动相关的肺癌风险降低。对于职业体育活动，与从事久坐职业的男性相比，失业男性（调整后RR = 1.57；1.20 - 2.05）和从事站立工作的男性（RR = 1.35；1.02 - 1.79）的肺癌风险增加。没有证据表明体育活动关联在不同国家或任何所考虑的协变量之间存在异质性。对于某些组织学亚型，观察到了受亚组规模限制的、提示性别特异性降低的情况，尤其是剧烈体育活动。总体而言，我们的研究表明体育活动与肺癌风险之间不存在一致的保护关联。可以假定，职业体育活动中发现的风险升高并非由体育活动本身通过机制产生，而是反映了对职业相关肺癌风险因素的暴露。
