Cantwell Marie M, Lacey James V, Schairer Catherine, Schatzkin Arthur, Michaud Dominique S
Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Int J Cancer. 2006 Nov 15;119(10):2398-401. doi: 10.1002/ijc.22175.
Sex is a consistent predictor of bladder cancer: men experience 2-4-fold higher age-adjusted rates than women in the U.S. and Europe. The objective of this study was to examine whether hormone-related factors are associated with bladder cancer in women. We examined parity, age at menarche, age at first birth, age at menopause, oral contraceptive use and menopausal hormone therapy (HT) use and bladder cancer risk in the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project Follow-Up Study. Endpoint and exposure information was collected on 54,308 women, using annual telephone interviews (1980-86) and 3 mailed, self-administered questionnaires (1987-98). During an average follow-up time of 15.3 years, 167 cases of bladder cancer were identified. Univariate and adjusted rate ratios (RRs) were estimated using Poisson regression. Parity, age at menarche, age at first birth, age at menopause, and oral contraceptive use were not associated with bladder cancer risk. The majority of menopausal women who took HT used estrogen therapy (ET). Postmenopausal women with less than 4 years, 4-9 years, 10-19 years and 20 or more years of ET use had RRs of 1.55 (95% CI = 0.96-2.51), 1.00 (95% CI = 0.49-2.04), 1.23 (95% CI = 0.62-2.43) and 0.57 (95% CI = 0.14-2.34), respectively, compared with nonusers (p = 0.50). Findings from this study are not consistent with the hypothesis that hormone-related factors in women are associated with bladder cancer.
在美国和欧洲，男性经年龄调整后的发病率比女性高2至4倍。本研究的目的是检验激素相关因素是否与女性膀胱癌有关。我们在乳腺癌检测示范项目随访研究中，考察了生育状况、初潮年龄、首次生育年龄、绝经年龄、口服避孕药使用情况以及绝经激素治疗（HT）的使用情况与膀胱癌风险之间的关系。通过年度电话访谈（1980 - 1986年）以及3份邮寄的自填问卷（1987 - 1998年），收集了54308名女性的终点和暴露信息。在平均15.3年的随访期内，共确诊了167例膀胱癌病例。使用泊松回归估计单变量和调整后的率比（RRs）。生育状况、初潮年龄、首次生育年龄、绝经年龄以及口服避孕药的使用与膀胱癌风险无关。大多数接受HT的绝经后女性使用的是雌激素治疗（ET）。与未使用者相比，ET使用时间少于4年、4 - 9年、10 - 19年以及20年或更长时间的绝经后女性的RRs分别为1.55（95%CI = 0.96 - 2.51）、1.00（95%CI = 0.49 - 2.04）、1.23（95%CI = 0.62 - 2.43）和0.57（95%CI = 0.14 - 2.34）（p = 0.50）。本研究结果与女性激素相关因素与膀胱癌有关这一假设不一致。
