Horton Thomas R
SUNY-College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, 350 Illick Hall, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA.
Mycologia. 2006 Mar-Apr;98(2):233-8. doi: 10.3852/mycologia.98.2.233.
The production of even a limited number of heterokaryotic spores would be advantageous for establishing new individuals after long distance dispersal. While Suillus and Laccaria species are known to produce binucleate, heterokaryotic spores, this condition is poorly studied for most ectomycorrhizal fungi. To begin addressing this matter the number of nuclei in basidiospores was recorded from 142 sporocarps in 63 species and 20 genera of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. The mean proportion of binucleate basidiospores produced by sporocarps within a species ranged from 0.00 to 1.00, with most genera within a family showing similar patterns. Basidiospores from fungi in Amanita, Cortinariaceae and Laccaria were primarily binucleate but were likely still homokaryotic. Basidiospores from fungi in Boletaceae, Cantharellus, Rhizopogonaceae, Russulaceae, Thelephorales and Tricholoma were primarily uninucleate, but binucleate basidiospores were observed in many genera and in high levels in Boletus. Further research is needed to relate basidiospore nuclear number to reproductive potential in ectomycorrhizal species.
即使产生数量有限的异核体孢子，对于在远距离传播后建立新个体也是有利的。虽然已知牛肝菌属和红菇属物种会产生双核的异核体孢子，但对于大多数外生菌根真菌来说，这种情况的研究还很少。为了开始解决这个问题，我们记录了来自63个属、20个外生菌根（EM）真菌物种的142个子实体中担孢子的核数。一个物种内子实体产生的双核担孢子的平均比例在0.00到1.00之间，一个科内的大多数属都表现出类似的模式。鹅膏菌属、丝膜菌科和红菇属真菌的担孢子主要是双核的，但可能仍然是同核体。牛肝菌科、鸡油菌属、须腹菌科、红菇科、革菌目和口蘑属真菌的担孢子主要是单核的，但在许多属中都观察到了双核担孢子，在牛肝菌属中含量较高。需要进一步的研究来将担孢子核数与外生菌根物种的繁殖潜力联系起来。
