Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin at Madison, 120 Russell Labs, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1520, USA.
Mycologia. 2011 Nov-Dec;103(6):1175-83. doi: 10.3852/10-388. Epub 2011 Jun 23.
Plant establishment patterns suggest that ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) inoculant is not found ubiquitously. The role of animal vectors dispersing viable EMF spores is well documented. Here we investigate the role of wind in basidiospore dispersal for six EMF species, Inocybe lacera, Laccaria laccata, Lactarius rufus, Suillus brevipes, Suillus tomentosus and Thelephora americana. Basidiospores adhered to microscope slides placed on three 60 cm transects radiating from sporocarps. Morphological characteristics of species as well as average basidiospore volume were recorded. Number of basidiospores was quantified at specific distances to produce actual dispersal gradients. We found a negative exponential decay model using characteristics for each species fit the field data well. The 95% modeled downwind dispersal distance of basidiospores was calculated for each species. The 95% modeled downwind dispersal distance increased with increasing cap height and decreasing basidiospore volume for the species sampled, with 95% of basidiospores predicted to fall within 58 cm of the cap. Differences in anatomical characteristics of EMF species influence how far basidiospores are dispersed by wind. We discuss the role of wind dispersal leading to patterns of EMF establishment during primary succession.
植物定植模式表明，外生菌根真菌（EMF）接种剂并非无处不在。动物载体传播有活力的 EMF 孢子的作用已有充分记录。在这里，我们研究了风在六种 EMF 物种（Inocybe lacera、Laccaria laccata、Lactarius rufus、Suillus brevipes、Suillus tomentosus 和 Thelephora americana）的担子孢子传播中的作用。将附着在显微镜载玻片上的担子孢子放在从子实体辐射出的三个 60 厘米的横截线上。记录了物种的形态特征和平均担子孢子体积。在特定距离量化了担子孢子的数量，以产生实际的扩散梯度。我们发现，每个物种的特征使用负指数衰减模型很好地拟合了野外数据。计算了每个物种的担子孢子的 95%模型下风扩散距离。对于采样的物种，95%模型下风扩散距离随帽高度的增加和担子孢子体积的减小而增加，预测有 95%的担子孢子落在帽下 58 厘米内。EMF 物种解剖学特征的差异影响了担子孢子通过风传播的距离。我们讨论了风传播在原生演替过程中导致 EMF 建立模式的作用。
