Carroll Julia M, Chiew Kin Yung
Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
J Autism Dev Disord. 2006 Oct;36(7):949-57. doi: 10.1007/s10803-006-0127-9.
Baron-Cohen's [(2002) Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 248-255] 'extreme male brain' theory of autism is investigated by examining the relationships between theory of mind, central coherence, empathising, systemising and autistic-like symptomatology in typical undergraduates. There were sex differences in the expected directions on all tasks. Differences according to discipline were found only in central coherence. There was no evidence of an association between empathising and systemising. In the second study, performance on the Mechanical Reasoning task was compared with Systemising quotient and the Social Skills Inventory was compared with the Empathising Quotient. Moderate, but not high correlations were found. Findings are broadly consistent with the distinction between empathising and systemising but cast some doubt on the tasks used to measure these abilities.
通过研究典型大学生的心理理论、中心连贯性、共情、系统化以及类自闭症症状之间的关系，对巴伦 - 科恩（2002年，《认知科学趋势》，第6卷，第248 - 255页）提出的自闭症“极端男性大脑”理论进行了调查。在所有任务中，都出现了预期方向上的性别差异。仅在中心连贯性方面发现了学科差异。没有证据表明共情与系统化之间存在关联。在第二项研究中，对机械推理任务的表现与系统化商数进行了比较，并将社交技能量表与共情商数进行了比较。发现了中等但并非高度的相关性。研究结果大致与共情和系统化之间的区别相符，但对用于测量这些能力的任务提出了一些质疑。
