Giugliano Dario, Ceriello Antonio, Esposito Katherine
Division of Metabolic Diseases, Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Naples SUN, Italy.
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006 Aug 15;48(4):677-85. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.03.052. Epub 2006 Jul 24.
Reducing the incidence of coronary heart disease with diet is possible. The main dietary strategies include adequate omega-3 fatty acids intake, reduction of saturated and trans-fats, and consumption of a diet high in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains and low in refined grains. Each of these strategies may be associated with lower generation of inflammation. This review examines the epidemiologic and clinical evidence concerning diet and inflammation. Dietary patterns high in refined starches, sugar, and saturated and trans-fatty acids, poor in natural antioxidants and fiber from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and poor in omega-3 fatty acids may cause an activation of the innate immune system, most likely by an excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines associated with a reduced production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The whole diet approach seems particularly promising to reduce the inflammation associated with the metabolic syndrome. The choice of healthy sources of carbohydrate, fat, and protein, associated with regular physical activity and avoidance of smoking, is critical to fighting the war against chronic disease. Western dietary patterns warm up inflammation, while prudent dietary patterns cool it down.
通过饮食降低冠心病发病率是可行的。主要的饮食策略包括摄入足够的ω-3脂肪酸、减少饱和脂肪和反式脂肪的摄入，以及食用富含水果、蔬菜、坚果和全谷物且精制谷物含量低的饮食。这些策略中的每一项都可能与较低的炎症产生相关。本综述研究了有关饮食与炎症的流行病学和临床证据。富含精制淀粉、糖、饱和脂肪酸和反式脂肪酸、天然抗氧化剂以及水果、蔬菜和全谷物中的纤维含量低且ω-3脂肪酸含量低的饮食模式，可能会激活先天免疫系统，最有可能是通过促炎细胞因子的过度产生以及抗炎细胞因子产生的减少。整体饮食方法似乎在减少与代谢综合征相关的炎症方面特别有前景。选择健康的碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质来源，结合规律的体育活动和避免吸烟，对于对抗慢性病至关重要。西方饮食模式会加剧炎症，而谨慎的饮食模式则会减轻炎症。
