Esposito Katherine, Ciotola Miryam, Giugliano Dario
Department of Geriatrics and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Metabolic Diseases, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2007 Oct;51(10):1268-74. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200600297.
The metabolic syndrome (also referred to as syndrome X or the insulin resistance syndrome) has emerged as an important cluster of risk factors for atherosclerotic disease. Patients with the syndrome also are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Common features are central (abdominal) obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Weight reduction deserves first priority in individuals with abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Both weight reduction and maintenance of a lower weight are best achieved by a combination of reduced caloric intake and increased physical activity. Dietary patterns close to the Mediterranean diet and rich in fruit and vegetables, and high in monounsaturated fats are negatively associated with features of the metabolic syndrome. Some recent studies dealing specifically with the effect of interventions on the resolution of the metabolic syndrome have demonstrated a 25% net reduction in the prevalence of the syndrome following lifestyle changes mainly based on nutritional recommendations. Similar rates of resolution have been obtained with drugs, such as rosiglitazone and rimonabant. The favourable benefit/hazard ratio makes Mediterranean-style diets particularly promising to reduce the cardiovascular burden associated with the metabolic syndrome.
代谢综合征（也称为X综合征或胰岛素抵抗综合征）已成为动脉粥样硬化疾病的一组重要危险因素。患有该综合征的患者患2型糖尿病的风险也会增加。其常见特征包括中心性（腹部）肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、高血压和血脂异常。对于腹部肥胖和代谢综合征患者，减轻体重应列为首要任务。减少热量摄入和增加体力活动相结合，最有利于实现体重减轻及维持较低体重。接近地中海饮食模式、富含水果和蔬菜且单不饱和脂肪含量高的饮食方式，与代谢综合征的特征呈负相关。最近一些专门研究干预措施对代谢综合征缓解效果的研究表明，主要基于营养建议的生活方式改变后，该综合征的患病率净降低了25%。使用罗格列酮和利莫那班等药物也获得了类似的缓解率。有利的效益/风险比使地中海式饮食在减轻与代谢综合征相关的心血管负担方面特别有前景。
