Frutos-Vivar Fernando, Ferguson Niall D, Esteban Andrés
Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Aug;27(4):327-36. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-948287.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a heterogeneous disorder that may be triggered by myriad etiologies (both pulmonary and extrapulmonary). Mortality rates for ARDS range from 30 to 75%, and most deaths are a consequence of multiorgan failure (MOF). Since the sentinel description of ARDS in 1967, criteria for the diagnosis of this entity were refined. In 1992, diagnostic criteria for ARDS were published in an American-European Consensus Conference and the term ACUTE LUNG INJURY (ALI) was adopted to encompass patients with a spectrum of less severe forms of the same pathological entity. This review discusses limitations of various criteria utilized to diagnosis ARDS and ALI, and why some criteria may be problematic when designing clinical trials. Also discussed are the myriad causes of ARDS, incidence, epidemiology, mortality, and factors that influence outcome.
急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）是一种异质性疾病，可能由多种病因（包括肺部和肺外病因）引发。ARDS的死亡率在30%至75%之间，大多数死亡是多器官功能衰竭（MOF）的结果。自1967年首次描述ARDS以来，该疾病的诊断标准不断完善。1992年，ARDS的诊断标准在美国-欧洲共识会议上发表，“急性肺损伤（ALI）”这一术语被采用，以涵盖具有相同病理实体较轻形式的一系列患者。本综述讨论了用于诊断ARDS和ALI的各种标准的局限性，以及为什么某些标准在设计临床试验时可能存在问题。还讨论了ARDS的多种病因、发病率、流行病学、死亡率以及影响预后的因素。
