Stankey George H, Shindler Bruce
Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331-8550, USA.
Conserv Biol. 2006 Feb;20(1):28-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00298.x.
Effective policies for management of rare and little-known species (RLKS) must be not only scientifically valid and cost-effective but also consistent with prevailing social beliefs and values. Limited public awareness of RLKS, however constrains efforts to frame such policies. Lacking public support, resistance to RLKS programs is likely, particularly when other uses and values are affected. The challenge lies in understanding how public judgments are formed, sustained, and altered. Although the lack of public support often is attributed to inadequate understanding of the scientific bases for policies, research indicates that judgments derive from a complex, albeit poorly understood, suite of factors, including context, trust, esthetics, and personal history. Steps that can enhance public understanding of RLKS management include (1) clarifying the rationale and impacts of policies on the species, (2) specifying the contextual setting, (3) outlining specific actions to be taken, and (4) identifying when and where policies will be employed. Failure to foster understanding and support will leave management dominated by conflict and continued species loss.
有效的珍稀和鲜为人知物种（RLKS）管理政策不仅必须在科学上合理且具有成本效益，还必须与当前的社会信仰和价值观相一致。然而，公众对RLKS的认识有限，这限制了制定此类政策的努力。缺乏公众支持，对RLKS项目的抵制很可能出现，尤其是当其他用途和价值受到影响时。挑战在于理解公众判断是如何形成、维持和改变的。虽然公众支持的缺乏往往归因于对政策科学依据的理解不足，但研究表明，判断源于一系列复杂的因素，尽管人们对此了解甚少，这些因素包括背景、信任、美学和个人经历。可以增强公众对RLKS管理理解的步骤包括：（1）阐明政策对物种的基本原理和影响；（2）明确背景情况；（3）概述将采取的具体行动；（4）确定政策将在何时何地实施。未能促进理解和支持将使管理陷入冲突并导致物种持续减少。
