Militello Giuseppe, Jacob Sharon E, Crawford Glen H
University of Pennsylvania, Department of Dermatology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2006 Aug;18(4):385-90. doi: 10.1097/01.mop.0000236387.56709.6d.
The following paper reviews the recent literature pertaining to allergic contact dermatitis in the pediatric population.
Allergic contact dermatitis may affect as many as 20% of the pediatric population. Recent studies implicate the following chemicals as the most common causes: nickel, topical antibiotics, preservative chemicals, fragrances and rubber accelerators. Several less common, but emerging, allergens have also been reported recently, including para-phenylenediamine in henna tattoos, cocamidopropyl betaine in 'no tears' shampoos and cleansers, and disperse dyes in clothing materials. Allergic contact dermatitis occurs less frequently in the first few months of life and increases in prevalence with increasing age. In the adolescent age group, females have significantly higher rates of allergic contact dermatitis on the face. This is likely explained by increased exposures to nickel in piercings and to preservative and fragrance chemicals in cosmetic products.
The documented rates of allergic contact dermatitis in children are on the rise. This increased prevalence may be due to increased chemical exposures in this age group, better recognition by pediatricians and perhaps more widespread use of epicutaneous patch testing. This review outlines the basic pathophysiology, epidemiology and clinical manifestations of allergic contact dermatitis in children.
以下论文回顾了近期有关儿童过敏性接触性皮炎的文献。
过敏性接触性皮炎可能影响多达20%的儿童人群。近期研究表明，以下化学物质是最常见的病因：镍、外用抗生素、防腐剂、香料和橡胶促进剂。最近还报告了几种不太常见但新出现的变应原，包括指甲花染料纹身中的对苯二胺、“无泪”洗发水和清洁剂中的椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱以及服装材料中的分散染料。过敏性接触性皮炎在生命的最初几个月发病率较低，且患病率随年龄增长而增加。在青少年年龄组中，女性面部过敏性接触性皮炎的发病率明显较高。这可能是由于穿孔饰品中镍的接触增加以及化妆品中防腐剂和香料化学物质的接触增加所致。
文献记载的儿童过敏性接触性皮炎发病率正在上升。患病率增加可能是由于该年龄组化学物质接触增加、儿科医生的识别能力提高以及可能更广泛地使用皮肤斑贴试验。本综述概述了儿童过敏性接触性皮炎的基本病理生理学、流行病学和临床表现。
