Cao Changan, Wang Yuna, Peng Li, Wu Weiqi, Yang Huimin, Li Zhigang
School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361104, China.
School of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, YiLi Normal University, Yining 835000, China.
Toxics. 2023 Nov 28;11(12):964. doi: 10.3390/toxics11120964.
Asthma and other respiratory diseases, which are of great concern in public health, are paid less attention in areas that are less economically developed. This research aimed to study the prevalence of critical respiratory diseases of children living in West China and figure out the potential influencing factors. A total of 575 children under the age of 14 were recruited from Xinjiang, China, to participate in the study in 2022. Information on activity patterns, socioeconomic and parental factors, and household and surrounding environment situations was obtained using a questionnaire survey. Logistic regression models were applied to estimate the odds ratios of respiratory disease prevalence in relation to behavior patterns, household, parental and environmental factors, respectively. The prevalence of ever doctor-diagnosed asthma, doctor-diagnosed bronchitis and current bronchitis were 4.7%, 19.0% and 14.4%, respectively. The prevalence of doctor-diagnosed pneumonia was 8.2%, which was two times higher in urban than rural areas. Longer annual heating duration was significantly associated with higher risks in children's asthma and bronchitis, with an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 3.363 (95% CI: 1.215-9.298) and 1.267 (95% CI: 1.002-1.601), respectively. Opening the window longer in autumn would lead to higher risks of bronchitis, with ORs of 1.165 and 1.133, respectively, for doctor-diagnosed bronchitis and current bronchitis. Residential air pollution and having a residence close to waste incineration plant or garbage station were, respectively, significantly associated with higher risks of doctor-diagnosed bronchitis and asthma. Parental disease history was associated with a higher prevalence of children's asthma and respiratory diseases, whereas breastfeeding and doing physical exercise were, respectively, significantly associated with a lower risk of asthma. A high prevalence of respiratory diseases in children in West China may be partly attributed to longer annual heating time, opening windows longer in autumn, surrounding environmental pollution, as well as parental disease history, whereas promoting physical activity and breastfeeding could be an effective measure to reduce the risk of childhood asthma in West China.
哮喘和其他呼吸系统疾病在公共卫生领域备受关注，但在经济欠发达地区却较少受到重视。本研究旨在探讨中国西部儿童严重呼吸系统疾病的患病率，并找出潜在影响因素。2022年，共招募了575名来自中国新疆的14岁以下儿童参与研究。通过问卷调查获取了有关活动模式、社会经济和父母因素以及家庭和周边环境状况的信息。应用逻辑回归模型分别估计呼吸系统疾病患病率与行为模式、家庭、父母和环境因素之间的比值比。曾被医生诊断为哮喘、医生诊断为支气管炎和当前支气管炎的患病率分别为4.7%、19.0%和14.4%。医生诊断为肺炎的患病率为8.2%，城市地区是农村地区的两倍。年供暖时间较长与儿童哮喘和支气管炎的较高风险显著相关，比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（95%CI）分别为3.363（95%CI：1.215 - 9.298）和1.267（95%CI：1.002 - 1.601）。秋季开窗时间较长会导致支气管炎风险升高，医生诊断为支气管炎和当前支气管炎的OR分别为1.165和1.133。住宅空气污染以及居住在靠近垃圾焚烧厂或垃圾站的地方分别与医生诊断为支气管炎和哮喘的较高风险显著相关。父母的病史与儿童哮喘和呼吸系统疾病的较高患病率相关，而母乳喂养和进行体育锻炼分别与较低的哮喘风险显著相关。中国西部儿童呼吸系统疾病的高患病率可能部分归因于年供暖时间较长、秋季开窗时间较长、周边环境污染以及父母的病史，而促进体育活动和母乳喂养可能是降低中国西部儿童哮喘风险的有效措施。
