Nanney L B, Stoscheck C M, King L E, Underwood R A, Holbrook K A
Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
J Invest Dermatol. 1990 Jun;94(6):742-8. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12874601.
The embryogenesis of normal human skin is a complex process involving multiple cell types and developmentally regulated growth factors. The immunohistochemical localization of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGF-R) was studied in human fetal skin because this receptor modulates all known actions of EGF and TGF-alpha. EGF-R are present in developing skin as early as the 42nd day of gestation. Immunoreactive EGF-R are present in keratinocytes, endothelial, and skeletal muscle cells. In contrast to normal adult human skin in which the EGF-R are primarily restricted to the basal and immediately suprabasal keratinocytes, the fetal epidermis showed a persistent expression of EGF-R in all cell layers. The absence of EGF-R on the outer, apical surface of periderm cells that are exposed to amniotic fluid was unexpected and may reflect down-regulation of EGF-R by EGF/TGF-alpha or related fetal growth factors present in amniotic fluid. The complex regulation of EGF-R in embryonic hair follicles and sebaceous glands indicates an active and perhaps regulatory role for EGF/TGF-alpha in the development and function of pilosebaceous glands as well as mammalian skin in general.
正常人类皮肤的胚胎发生是一个复杂的过程，涉及多种细胞类型和发育调控的生长因子。由于表皮生长因子受体（EGF-R）调节表皮生长因子（EGF）和转化生长因子-α（TGF-α）的所有已知作用，因此对其在人胎儿皮肤中的免疫组织化学定位进行了研究。早在妊娠第42天，EGF-R就存在于发育中的皮肤中。免疫反应性EGF-R存在于角质形成细胞、内皮细胞和骨骼肌细胞中。与正常成人皮肤中EGF-R主要局限于基底和紧邻基底上层的角质形成细胞不同，胎儿表皮在所有细胞层均持续表达EGF-R。暴露于羊水的周皮细胞外表面（顶端）不存在EGF-R，这出乎意料，可能反映了羊水中存在的EGF/TGF-α或相关胎儿生长因子对EGF-R的下调作用。胚胎毛囊和皮脂腺中EGF-R的复杂调节表明，EGF/TGF-α在皮脂腺以及一般哺乳动物皮肤的发育和功能中具有积极作用，甚至可能起调节作用。
