Heikkinen A, Launis V, Wainwright P, Leino-Kilpi H
Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Finland.
J Med Ethics. 2006 Sep;32(9):522-5. doi: 10.1136/jme.2005.013557.
Privacy is a key ethical principle in occupational health services. Its importance is emphasised in several laws, in ethical codes of conduct as well as in the literature, yet there is only very limited empirical research on privacy in the occupational health context. Conceptual questions on privacy in the occupational health context are discussed. The baseline assumption is that, in this context, privacy cannot be approached and examined only from the employee's (an individual) vantage point but the employer's (a group) point of view must also be taken into account, and that the concept has several dimensions (physical, social, informational and psychological). Even though privacy is a basic human need, there is no universally accepted definition of the concept and no consensus on whether an organisation can have privacy in the same way as people do. Many of the challenges surrounding privacy in the context of occupational health seem to be associated with the dual loyalties of occupational health professionals towards the employee and employer and with their simultaneous duties of disseminating and protecting information (informational privacy). Privacy is thus not an absolute value, but more research is needed to understand its multidimensional nature in the context of occupational health.
隐私是职业健康服务中的一项关键伦理原则。其重要性在若干法律、行为伦理准则以及文献中均有强调，但在职业健康背景下，关于隐私的实证研究非常有限。本文讨论了职业健康背景下隐私的概念性问题。基本假设是，在此背景下，不能仅从员工（个体）的角度来探讨和审视隐私，还必须考虑雇主（群体）的观点，并且该概念具有多个维度（身体、社会、信息和心理）。尽管隐私是一项基本的人类需求，但对于该概念并没有普遍接受的定义，对于组织是否能像人一样拥有隐私也没有达成共识。职业健康背景下围绕隐私的许多挑战似乎都与职业健康专业人员对员工和雇主的双重忠诚以及他们同时承担的传播和保护信息的职责（信息隐私）有关。因此，隐私并非绝对价值，但需要更多研究来了解其在职业健康背景下的多维度性质。
